ABRAHAM'S OFFERING UP HIS SON ISAAC.
        
                                GENESIS XXII. 12.
        
        "And  he said, Lay not thine hand upon the lad, neither  do  thou 
        any thing unto him; for now I know that thou fearest God,  seeing 
        thou hast not withheld thy son, thine only son from me."
        
             The great apostle Paul, in one of his epistles, informs  us, 
        that  "whatsoever  was  written aforetime, was  written  for  our 
        learning, that we through patience and comfort of the holy scrip-
        ture might have hope."  And as without faith it is impossible  to 
        please  God, or to be accepted in Jesus, the Son of his love:  we 
        may  be  assured, that whatever instances of a more  than  common 
        faith are recorded in the book of God, they were more immediately 
        designed by the Holy Spirit for our learning and imitation,  upon 
        whom the ends of the world are come.  For this reason, the author 
        of the epistle to the Hebrews, in the eleventh chapter, mention a 
        noble catalogue of Old Testament saints and martyrs, "who subdued 
        kingdoms, wrought righteousness, stopped the mouths of lions, &c. 
        and  are  gone before us to inherit the promises."  A  sufficient 
        confutation, I think, of their error, who lightly esteem the  Old 
        Testament  saints,  and would not have them mentioned  to  Chris-
        tians,  as  persons whose faith and patience we are  called  upon 
        more immediately to follow.  If this was true, the apostle  would 
        never  have  produced such a cloud of witnesses out  of  the  Old 
        Testament, to excite the Christians of the first, and consequent-
        ly purest age of the church, to continue steadfast and  immovable 
        in  the  possession  of their faith.  Amidst  this  catalogue  of 
        saints, methinks, the patriarch Abraham shines the brightest, and 
        differs from the others, as one star differeth from another  star 
        in  glory; for he shone with such distinguishing luster, that  he 
        was  called  the friend of God, the father of the  faithful;  and 
        those  who believe on Christ, are said to be sons  and  daughters 
        of, and to be blessed with, faithful Abraham.  Many trials of his 
        faith did God send this great and good man, after he had command-
        ed him to get out from his country, and from his kindred, unto  a 
        land  which he should show him; but the last was the most  severe 
        of  all, I mean, that of offering up his only son.  This, by  the 
        divine assistance, I propose to make the subject of your  present 
        meditation,  and,  by way of conclusion, to draw  some  practical 
        inferences, as God shall enable me, from this instructive story.
        
             The  sacred penman begins the narrative thus; verse 1.  "And 
        it  came  to pass, after these things, God  did  tempt  Abraham." 
        "After these things," that is, after he had underwent many severe 
        trials before, after he was old, full of days, and might  flatter 
        himself  perhaps  that the troubles and toils of  life  were  now 
        finished;  "after  these things, God did tempt  Abraham."  Chris-
        tians, you know not what trials you may meet with before you die: 
        notwithstanding  you may have suffered, and been tried  much  al-
        ready,  yet, it may be, a greater measure is still behind,  which 
        you  are  to fill up. "Be not high-minded, but  fear."  Our  last 
        trials,  in  all probability, will be the greatest:  and  we  can
        never  say our warfare is accomplished, or our  trials  finished, 
        till we bow down our heads, and give up the ghost.  "And it  came 
        to pass, after these things, that God did tempt Abraham."
        
             "God  did tempt Abraham."  But can the scripture  contradict 
        itself?  Does not the apostle James tell us, that God  tempts  no 
        man; and God does tempt no man to evil, or on purpose to draw him 
        into  sin; for, when a man is thus tempted, he is drawn  away  of 
        his own heart's lust, and enticed.  But in another sense, God may 
        be said to tempt, I mean, to try his servants; and in this  sense 
        we are to understand that passage of Matthew, where we are  told, 
        that  "Jesus was led up by the Spirit (the good Spirit) into  the 
        wilderness,  to be tempted by the devil."  And our Lord, in  that 
        excellent  form of prayer which he has been pleased to  give  us, 
        does  not require us to pray that we may absolutely be  led  into 
        temptation,  but  delivered from the evil of it;  whence  we  may 
        plainly  infer,  that God sees it fit sometimes to lead  us  into 
        temptation, that is, bring us into such circumstances as will try 
        our  faith, and other Christian graces.  In this sense we are  to 
        understand the expression before us, "God did tempt or try  Abra-
        ham."
        
             How  God was pleased to reveal his will at this time to  his 
        faithful servant, whether by the Shechinah, or divine appearance, 
        or  by a still small voice, as he spoke to Elijah, or by a  whis-
        per, like that of the Spirit to Philip, when he commanded him  to 
        join himself to the Eunuch's chariot, we are not told, nor is  it 
        material to inquire.  It is enough that we are informed, God said 
        unto him, Abraham; and that Abraham knew that it was the voice of 
        God: for "he said, behold, here I am."  O what a holy familiarity 
        (if  I  may so speak) is there between God and those  holy  souls 
        that are united to him by faith in Christ Jesus!  God says, Abra-
        ham;  and  Abraham said, (it should seem without the  least  sur-
        prise,)  "Behold,  here I am."  Being reconciled to  God  by  the 
        death  and obedience of Christ, which he rejoiced in, and saw  by 
        faith  afar off; he did not, like guilty Adam, seek the trees  of 
        the garden to hide himself from, but take pleasure in  conversing 
        with God, and talketh with him, as a man talketh with his friend. 
        O that Christless sinners knew what it is to have fellowship with 
        the Father and the Son!  They would envy the happiness of saints, 
        and  count  it  all joy to be termed enthusiasts  and  fools  for 
        Christ's sake.
        
             But  what does God say to Abraham: verse 2.  "Take  now  thy 
        son,  thine only son Isaac, whom thou lovest, and get  thee  into 
        the land of Moriah, and offer him there for a burnt-offering upon 
        one of the mountains which I shall tell thee of."
        
             Every word deserves our particular observation.  Whatever he 
        was  to  do, he must do it now, immediately,  without  conferring 
        with  flesh  and blood. But what must he do?  Take now  thy  son.  
        Had God said, take now a firstling, or choicest lamb or beast  of 
        thy  flock,  and offer it up for a burnt-offering, it  would  not 
        have appeared so ghastly: but for God to say, "Take now thy  son, 
         and offer him up for a burnt-offering," one would have  imagined,
        was enough to stagger the strongest faith.  But this is not  all: 
        It  must not only be a son, but thine only son Isaac,  whom  thou 
        lovest.  If it must be a son, and not a beast, that must  be  of-
        fered,  why will not Ishmael do, the son of the bond-woman?   No, 
        it must be his only son, the heir of all, his Isaac, by interpre-
        tation  laughter,  the son of his old age, in whom his  soul  de-
        lighted;  whom thou lovest, says God, in whose life his  own  was 
        wrapped  up: And this son, this only son, this Isaac, the son  of 
        his  love,  must  be taken now, even now without  delay,  and  be 
        offered  up by his own father, for a burnt-offering, upon one  of 
        the mountains of the which God would tell him.
        
             Well  might the apostle, speaking of this man of  God,  say, 
        that  against  hope  he believed in hope, and,  being  strong  in 
        faith, gave glory to God: For, had he not been blessed with faith 
        which  man never before had, he must have refused to comply  with 
        this severe command.  For how many arguments might nature suggest 
        to  prove  that such a command could never come from God,  or  to 
        excuse himself from obeying it?  "What! (might the good man  have 
        said) butcher my child! it is contrary to the very law of nature: 
        Much more to butcher my dear son Isaac, in whose seed God himself 
        has  assured  me,  that all the families of the  earth  shall  be 
        blessed.  But supposing I could give up my own affection, and  be 
        willing to part with him, though I love him so dearly, yet, if  I 
        murder  him, what will become of God's promise?  Beside I am  now 
        like  a city built upon a hill; I shine as a light in the  world, 
        in the midst of a crooked and perverse generation: How then shall 
        I cause God's name to be blasphemed, how shall I become a by-word 
        among  the heathen, if they hear that I have, committed  a  crime 
        which  they abhor!  But, above all, what will Sarah my wife  say? 
        How can I ever return to her again, after I have imbued my  hands 
        in  my  dear child's blood?  O that God would pardon me  in  this 
        thing,  or take my life in the place of my son's!"  Thus, I  say, 
        Abraham  might  have  argued, and that to  seemingly  with  great 
        reason,  against  complying  with the divine  command.   But,  as 
        before  by faith he considered not the deadness of Sarah's  womb, 
        when she was past age, but believed on him, who said, "Sarah  thy 
        wife  shall bear thee a son indeed;" so now being convinced  that 
        the  same God spoke to, and commanded him to offer up  that  son, 
        and knowing that God was able to raise him from the dead, without 
        delay he obeys the heavenly call.
        
             O  that  unbelievers would learn of  faithful  Abraham,  and 
        believe  whatever is revealed from God, though they cannot  fully 
        comprehend  it!  Abraham knew God commanded him to offer  up  his 
        son,  and  therefore believed, notwithstanding  carnal  reasoning 
        might  suggest  many objections.  We have  sufficient  testimony, 
        that  God  has spoken to us by his Son; why should  we  not  also 
        believe,  though many things in the New Testament are  above  our 
        reason?  For, where reason ends faith begins.  And, however infi-
        dels may style themselves reasoners, of all men they are the most 
        unreasonable: For is it not contrary to all reason, to measure an 
        infinite  by  a finite understanding, or think to  find  out  the 
        mysteries of godliness to perfection?

             But  to return to the patriarch Abraham: We observed  before 
        what plausible objections he might have made; but he answered not 
        a  single  word: No, without replying against his Maker,  we  are 
        told,  ver.  3. that "Abraham rose up early in the  morning,  and 
        saddled  his  ass, and took two of his young men  with  him,  and 
        Isaac  his  son, and clave the wood for the  burnt-offering,  and 
        rose up and went unto the place of which God had told him."
        
             From this verse we may gather that God spoke to Abraham in a 
        dream, or vision of the night: For it is said, he rose up  early. 
        Perhaps  it was near the fourth watch of the night,  just  before 
        break of day, when God said, Take now thy son; and Abraham  rises 
        up  early to do so; as I doubt not but he used to rise  early  to 
        offer  his  morning sacrifice of praise and thanksgiving.  It  is 
        often  remarked  of people in the Old Testament, that  they  rose 
        early  in the morning; and particularly of our Lord in  the  New, 
        that  he rose a great while before day to pray.  The morning  be-
        friends devotion: and if people cannot use so much self-denial as 
        to rise early to pray, I know not how they will be able to die at 
        a stake (if called to it) for Jesus Christ.
        
             The humility, as well as piety of the patriarch, is observa-
        ble: He saddled his own ass (great men should be humble;) and  to 
        show his sincerity, though he took two of his young men with him, 
        and Isaac his son, yet he keeps his design as a secret from  them 
        all: Nay, he does not so much as tell Sarah his wife: For he knew 
        not  but  she might be a snare unto him in this affair;  and,  as 
        Rebecca  afterwards, on another occasion, advised Jacob to  flee, 
        so Sarah also might persuade Isaac to hide himself; or the  young 
        men,  had  they known of it, might have forced him  away,  as  in 
        after  ages  the soldiers rescued Jonathan out of  the  hands  of 
        Saul.  But Abraham sought no such evasion, and therefore, like an 
        Israelite  indeed, in whom there was no guile, he  himself  reso-
        lutely  "clave the wood for the burnt offering, rose up and  went 
        unto the place of which God had told him."  In the second  verse, 
        God  commanded him to offer up his son upon one of the  mountains 
        which  he would tell him of.  He commanded him to offer  his  son 
        up,  but would not then directly tell him the place  where:  This 
        was  to keep him dependent and watching unto prayer: For  there's 
        nothing like being kept waiting upon God; and, if we do, assured-
        ly  God will reveal himself unto us yet further in his own  time. 
        Let us practice what we know, follow providence so far as we  can 
        see already; and what we know not, what we see not as yet, let us 
        only  be found in the way of duty, and the Lord will reveal  even 
        that unto us. Abraham knew not directly where he was to offer  up 
        his  son;  but he rises up and sets forward, and behold  now  God 
        shows  him; and he went to the place of which God had  told  him. 
        Let us go and do likewise.
        
             Ver.  4. Then on the third day, Abraham lifted up his  eyes, 
        and saw the place afar off.
        
             So  that the place, of which God had told him, was  no  less 
        that  three days journey distant from the place where  God  first 
        appeared  unto  him, and commanded him to take his son.  Was  not
        this  to try his faith, and to let him see what he did,  was  not 
        merely from a sudden pang of devotion, but a matter of choice and 
        deliberation?  But  who  can tell what the  aged  patriarch  felt 
        during  these three days?  Strong as he was in faith, I  am  per-
        suaded  his  bowels often yearned over his dear son  Isaac.   Me-
        thinks I see the good old man walking with his dear child in  his 
        hand,  and  now and then looking upon him, loving him,  and  then 
        turning aside to weep.  And perhaps, sometimes he stays a  little 
        behind to pour out his heart before God; for he had no mortal  to 
        tell  his  case to.  Then, methinks, I see him join his  son  and 
        servants  again, and talking to them of the things pertaining  to 
        the kingdom of God, as they walked by the way.  At length, on the 
        third  day,  he lifted up his eyes and saw the  place  afar  off.  
        And, to show that he was yet sincerely resolved to do  whatsoever 
        the  Lord  required  of him, he even now will  not  discover  his 
        design  to his servants, but said, ver. 5. to his young men,  (as 
        we  should  say to our worldly thoughts when about to  tread  the 
        courts  of the Lord's house) "abide you here with the ass; and  I 
        and  the  lad will go up yonder and worship, and  come  again  to 
        you."   This  was a sufficient reason for their  staying  behind; 
        and, it being their master's custom to go frequently to  worship, 
        they  could  have no suspicion of what he was  going  about.  And 
        Abraham's saying, that he and the lad would come again, I am  apt 
        to think he believed God would raise him from the dead, if so  be 
        he  permitted  him to offer his child up for  a  burnt  offering. 
        However that be, he is yet resolved to obey God to the uttermost; 
        and therefore,
        
             Ver.  6. "Abraham took the wood of the burnt  offering,  and 
        laid it upon Isaac his son; and he took the fire in his hand, and 
        a knife, and they went both of them together."  Little did  Isaac 
        think  that he was to be offered on that very wood which  he  was 
        carrying  upon his shoulders; and therefore, ver. 7, Isaac  inno-
        cently,  and  with a holy freedom (for good men should  not  keep 
        their  children at too great a distance) spake unto  Abraham  his 
        father,  and  said, My father; and he (with equal  affection  and 
        holy  condescension)  said, Here am I, my son.  And to  show  how 
        careful  Abraham had been (as all Christian parents ought to  be) 
        to  instruct  his  Isaac how to sacrifice to God,  like  a  youth 
        trained  up in the way wherein he should go; Isaac  said,  Behold 
        the  fire and the wood; but where is the lamb for a burnt  offer-
        ing?  How beautiful is early piety!  How amiable, to  hear  young 
        people  ask questions about sacrificing to God in  an  acceptable 
        way!  Isaac  knew very well that a lamb was wanting, and  that  a 
        lamb  was necessary for a proper sacrifice:  Behold the fire  and 
        the wood; but where is the lamb for a burnt offering?  Young  men 
        and maidens, learn of him.
        
             Hitherto,  it is plain, Isaac knew nothing of  his  father's 
        design:  but I believe, by what his father said in answer to  his 
        question, that now was the time Abraham revealed it unto him.
        
             Ver. 8. "And Abraham said, my son, God will provide  himself 
        a  lamb for a burnt offering."  Some think that Abraham by  faith 
        saw the Lord Jesus afar off, and here spake prophetically of that
        Lamb of God already slain in decree, and hereafter to be actually 
        offered  up  for  sinners.  This was a lamb  of  God's  providing 
        indeed  (we  dared  not have thought of it) to  satisfy  his  own 
        justice,  and to render him just in justifying the ungodly.  What 
        is  all our fire and wood, the best preparation and  performances 
        we can make or present, unless God had provided himself this Lamb 
        for  a  burnt offering?  He could not away with them.  The  words 
        will well bear this interpretation.  But, whatever Abraham  might 
        intend,  I cannot but think he here made an application, and  ac-
        quainted his son with God's dealing with his soul; and at length, 
        with  tears in his eyes, and the utmost affection in  his  heart, 
        cried out, "Thou are to be the lamb, my son; God has commanded me 
        to provide thee for a burnt offering, and to offer thee upon  the 
        mountain which we are now ascending."  And, as it appears from  a 
        subsequent  verse, Isaac, convinced that it was the divine  will, 
        made  no  resistance at all: for it is said, "they went  both  of 
        them together;" and again, ver. 9, when we are told that  Abraham 
        bound Isaac, we do not hear of his complaining, or endeavoring to 
        escape,  which  he might have done, being (as  some  think)  near 
        thirty  years  of age, and it is plain, was capable  of  carrying 
        wood  enough  for a burnt offering.  But he was partaker  of  the 
        like  precious  faith with his aged father, and therefore  is  as 
        willing  to be offered, as Abraham is to offer him; and  so  they 
        went both of them together.
        
             Verse 9. At length "they came to the place of which God  had 
        told Abraham. He built an altar there and laid the wood in order, 
        and  bound  Isaac  his son, and laid him on the  altar  upon  the 
        wood."
        
             And  here let us pause a while, and by faith take a view  of 
        the  place  where the father has laid him.  I doubt not  but  the 
        blessed angels hovered round the altar and sang, Glory be to  God 
        in  the  highest,  for giving such faith to man.   Come,  all  ye 
        tender hearted parents, who know what it is to look over a  dying 
        child:  Fancy that you saw the altar erected before you, and  the 
        wood  laid in order, and the beloved Isaac bound upon  it:  Fancy 
        that you saw the aged parent standing by weeping.  (For, why  may 
        we not suppose that Abraham wept, since Jesus himself wept at the 
        grave of Lazarus?)  O what pious endearing expressions passed now 
        alternately  between the father and the son!  Josephus records  a 
        pathetic  speech  made by each, whether genuine I know  not;  but 
        methinks  I  see the tears trickle down the  patriarch  Abraham's 
        cheeks; and, out of the abundance of the heart, he cries,  Adieu, 
        adieu, my son; the Lord gave thee to me, and the Lord calls  thee 
        away;  blessed be the name of the Lord; adieu, my Isaac, my  only 
        son,  whom I love as my own soul; adieu, adieu.  I see  Isaac  at 
        the same time meekly resigning himself into his heavenly Father's 
        hands,  and  praying to the most High to strengthen  his  earthly 
        parent  to strike the stroke.  But why do I attempt  to  describe 
        what either son or father felt?  It is impossible; we may  indeed 
        form  some  faint idea of, but shall never fully  comprehend  it, 
        till we come and sit down with them in the kingdom of heaven, and 
        hear  them tell the pleasing story over again.  Hasten,  O  Lord, 
        that blessed time!  O let thy kingdom come!
        
             And  now,  ver. 10.  The fatal blow is going  to  be  given.  
        "And Abraham stretched forth his hand, and took the knife to slay 
        his  son.  "  But do you not think he intended to turn  away  his 
        head,  when  he gave the blow?  Nay, why may we  not  suppose  he 
        sometimes  drew his hand in, after it was stretched out,  willing 
        to take another last farewell of his beloved Isaac, and  desirous 
        to defer it a little, though resolved at last to strike home?  Be 
        that  as it will, his arm is now stretched out, the knife  is  in 
        his hand, and he is about to put it to his dear son's throat.
        
             But  sin, I heavens! and rejoice, O earth!  Man's  extremity 
        is  God's  opportunity:  for behold, just as the  knife,  in  all 
        probability,  was  near his throat, ver. 11. "the  angel  of  the 
        Lord, (or rather, the Lord of angels, Jesus Christ, the angel  of 
        the  everlasting covenant,) called unto him, (probably in a  very 
        audible  manner,) from heaven, and said, Abraham,  Abraham.  (The 
        word is doubled, to engage his attention; and perhaps the sudden-
        ness  of  the call made him draw back his hand, just  as  he  was 
        going to strike his son.)  And Abraham said, Here am I."
        
             And  he  said, verse 12. "Lay not thine hand upon  the  lad, 
        neither  do  thou any thing unto him: for now know  I  that  thou 
        fearest  God, seeing thou hast not withheld thy son,  thine  only 
        son from me."
        
             Here  then it was that Abraham received his son  Isaac  from 
        the  dead in a figure.  He was in effect offered upon the  altar, 
        and God looked upon him as offered and given unto him. Now it was 
        that  Abraham's faith, being tried, was found more precious  that 
        gold purified seven times in the fire.  Now as a reward of grace, 
        though not of debt, for this signal act of obedience, by an oath, 
        God  gives  and confirms the promise, "that in his seed  all  the 
        nations of the earth should be blessed," verse 17, 18.  With what 
        comfort  may  we suppose the good old man and his son  went  down 
        from  the mount, and returned unto the young men!  With what  joy 
        we  imagine  he  went home, and related all that  had  passed  to 
        Sarah! And above all, with what triumph is he exulting now in the 
        paradise  of God, and adoring rich, free, distinguishing,  elect-
        ing,  everlasting love, which alone made him to differ  from  the 
        rest  of mankind, and rendered him worthy of that title which  he 
        will have so long as the sun and the moon endure: "The father  of 
        the faithful!"
        
             But let us now draw our eyes from the creature, and do  what 
        Abraham, if he was present, would direct to; I mean, fix them  on 
        the Creator, God blessed for evermore.
        
             I  see  your  hearts affected, I see your  eyes  weep,  (and 
        indeed, who can refrain weeping at the relation of such a story?) 
        But,  behold,  I show you a mystery hid under  the  sacrifice  of 
        Abraham's only son, which, unless your hearts are hardened,  must 
        cause  you  to weep tears of love, and that  plentifully  too.  I 
        would  willingly hope you even prevent me here, and are ready  to 
        say,  "it is the love of God, in giving Jesus Christ to  die  for
        our  sins.   Yes,  that is it."  And yet perhaps  you  find  your 
        hearts at the mentioning of this, not so much affected.  Let this 
        convince  you, that we are fallen creatures, and that we  do  not 
        love God or Christ as we ought to do: for, if you admire  Abraham 
        offering up his Isaac, how much more ought you to extol, magnify, 
        and adore the love of God, who so loved the world, as to give his 
        only begotten Son, Christ Jesus our Lord, "that whosoever  belie-
        veth  on him should not perish, but have everlasting life?"   May 
        we  not well cry out, Now know we, O Lord, that thou  hast  loved 
        us, since thou hast not withheld thy Son, thine only son from us? 
        Abraham  was God's creature, (and God was Abraham's  friend)  and 
        therefore under the highest obligation to surrender up his Isaac. 
        But O stupendous love! Whilst we were his enemies, God sent forth 
        his  Son,  made  of a woman, made under the law,  that  he  might 
        become a curse for us.  O the freeness, as well as the  infinity, 
        of the love of God our Father!  It is unsearchable: I am lost  in 
        contemplating  it; it is past finding out.  Think,  O  believers, 
        think of the love of God, in giving Jesus Christ to be a propiti-
        ation  for  our  sins.  And when you hear how  Abraham  built  an 
        altar,  and laid him on the altar upon the wood; think  how  your 
        heavenly Father bound Jesus Christ his only Son, and offered  him 
        upon  the altar of his justice, and laid upon him the  iniquities 
        of us all.  When you read of Abraham's stretching forth his  hand 
        to  slay his son, think, O think, how God actually  suffered  his 
        Son to be slain, that we might live for evermore.  Do you read of 
        Isaac carrying the wood upon his shoulders, upon which he was  to 
        be offered?  Let this lead you to Mount Calvary, (this very mount 
        of  Moriah  where Isaac was offered, as some think,) and  take  a 
        view  of the antitype Jesus Christ, that Son of God, bearing  and 
        ready  to sink under the weight of that cross on which he was  to 
        hang  for us.  Do you admire Isaac so freely consenting  to  die, 
        though  a creature, and therefore obliged to go when God  called?  
        O  do not forget to admire infinitely more the dear  Lord  Jesus, 
        that promised seed, who willing said, "Lo, I come," though  under 
        no  obligation  so to do, "to do thy will," to obey and  die  for 
        men, O God!  Did you weep just now, when I bid you fancy that you 
        saw  the altar, and the wood laid in order, and Isaac laid  bound 
        on  the altar?  Look up by faith, behold the blessed  Jesus,  our 
        all-glorious Immanuel, not bound, but nailed on an accursed tree: 
        see how he hangs crowned with thorns, and had in derision of  all 
        that are round about him: see how the thorns pierce him, and  how 
        the  blood  in purple streams trickles down his  sacred  temples! 
        Hark!  how the God of nature groans!  See how he bows  his  head, 
        and  at length humanity gives up the ghost!  Isaac is saved,  but 
        Jesus,  the  God of Isaac dies; a ram is offered  up  in  Isaac's 
        room,  but Jesus has no substitute; Jesus must bleed, Jesus  must 
        die:  God  the  Father provided this Lamb for  himself  from  all 
        eternity.  He must be offered in time, or man must be damned  for 
        evermore.   And now where are all your tears?  Shall I  say,  re-
        frain  your voice from weeping?  No, rather let me exhort you  to 
        look to him whom you have pierced, and mourn, as a woman mourneth 
        for her first born: for we have been the betrayers, we have  been 
        the  murderers  of this Lord of glory; and shall  we  not  bewail 
        those sins, which brought the blessed Jesus to the accursed tree? 
        Having  so much done, so much offered for us, so  much  forgiven,
        shall we not love much?  O! let us love him with all our  hearts, 
        and minds, and strength, and glorify him in our souls and bodies; 
        for  they are his.  Which leads me to a second inference I  shall 
        draw from the foregoing discourse.
        
             From  whence  we  may learn the nature  of  true  justifying 
        faith.  Whoever  understands and preaches the truth as it  is  in 
        Jesus,  must acknowledge, that salvation is God's free gift,  and 
        that  we are saved, not by any or all the works of  righteousness 
        which  we have done or can do: no; we can neither wholly  nor  in 
        part  justify  ourselves  in the sight of God.   The  Lord  Jesus 
        Christ is our righteousness; and if we are accepted with God,  it 
        must  be  only  in and through the  personal  righteousness,  the 
        active  and  passive obedience of Jesus Christ his  beloved  Son. 
        This  righteousness must be imputed, or counted over to  us,  and 
        applied  by  faith to our hearts, or else we can in  no  wise  be 
        justified  in God's sight: and that very moment when a sinner  is 
        enabled  to  lay hold on Christ's righteousness by faith,  he  is 
        freely  justified  from all his sin, and shall never  enter  into 
        condemnation, notwithstanding he was a fire brand of hell before. 
        Thus  it  was that Abraham was justified before he did  any  good 
        work:  he was enabled to believe on the Lord Christ; it  was  ac-
        counted to him for righteousness; that is, Christ's righteousness 
        was  made over to him, and so accounted his.  This, this is  gos-
        pel;  this is the only way of finding acceptance with  God:  good 
        works have nothing to do with our justification in his sight.  We 
        are justified by faith alone, as saith the article of our church; 
        agreeable to which the apostle Paul says, "By grace ye are saved, 
        through  faith;  and that not of yourselves; it is  the  gift  of 
        God."  Notwithstanding good works have their proper  place:  they 
        justify  our faith, though not our persons; they follow  it,  and 
        evidence our justification in the sight of men.  Hence it is that 
        the  apostle  James  asks, was not Abraham  justified  by  works, 
        (alluding, no doubt, to the story on which we have been discours-
        ing,)  that  is, did he not prove he was in  a  justified  state, 
        because his faith was productive of good works?  This declarative 
        justification  in  the sight of men, is what is  directly  to  be 
        understood  in  the words of the text: "Now know  I,"  says  God, 
        "that  thou  fearest me, since thou hast not  withheld  thy  son, 
        thine  only son from me."  Not but that God knew it  before;  but 
        this  is  spoken  in condescension to our  weak  capacities,  and 
        plainly  shows,  that his offering up his son was  accepted  with 
        God, as an evidence of the sincerity of his faith, and for  this, 
        was  left  on record to future ages.  Hence then you  may  learn, 
        whether  you  are  blessed with, and are sons  and  daughters  of 
        faithful  Abraham.  You say you believe; you talk of free  grace, 
        and free justification: you do well; the devils also believe  and 
        tremble.  But has the faith which you pretend to, influenced your 
        hearts, renewed your souls, and, like Abraham's, worked by  love? 
        Are  your  affections,  like his, set on things  above?  Are  you 
        heavenly minded, and like him, do you confess yourselves  strang-
        ers and pilgrims on the earth.  In short, has your faith  enabled 
        you  to overcome the world, and strengthened you to give up  your 
        Isaacs,  your laughter, your most beloved lusts, friends,  pleas-
        ures,  and profits for God?  If so, take the comfort of  it;  for
        justly may you say, "We know assuredly, that we do fear and  love 
        God,  or rather are loved of him."  But if you are  only  talking 
        believers,  have  only a faith of the head, and  never  felt  the 
        power  of it in your hearts, however you may  bolster  yourselves 
        up,  and say, "we have Abraham for our father, or Christ  as  our 
        Savior;" unless you get a faith of the heart, a faith working  by 
        love,  you shall never sit with Abraham, Isaac, Jacob,  or  Jesus 
        Christ in the kingdom of heaven.
        
             But  I must draw one more inference, and with that  I  shall 
        conclude.
        
             Learn,  O saints! from what has been said, to sit  loose  to 
        all your worldly comforts; and stand ready prepared to part  with 
        every thing, when God shall require it at your hand.  Some of you 
        perhaps  may have friends, who are to you as your own souls,  and 
        others may have children, in whose lives your own lives are bound 
        up: all I believe have their Isaacs, their particular delights of 
        some kind or other.  Labor, for Christ's sake, labor, ye sons and 
        daughters of Abraham, to resign them, daily in affection to  God, 
        that, when ye shall require you really to sacrifice them, you may 
        not confer with flesh and blood, any more than the blessed patri-
        arch now before us.  And as for you that have been in any measure 
        tried  like unto him, let his example encourage and comfort  you. 
        Remember,  Abraham your father was tried so before you: think,  O 
        think, of the happiness he now enjoys, and how he is  incessantly 
        thanking  God for tempting and trying him when here below.   Look 
        up often by the eye of faith, and see him sitting with his dearly 
        beloved Isaac in the world of spirits.  Remember, it will be  but 
        a  little while, and you shall sit with them also, and  tell  one 
        another  what God has done for your souls.  There I hope  to  sit 
        with you, and hear this story of his offering up his son from his 
        own  mouth, and to praise the Lamb that sitteth upon the  throne, 
        for what he hath done for all our souls, for ever and ever.
        
        
                                                George Whitefield
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