IV Illustrations

      An Illustration of the Word "Salt" in Colossians 4:6

"Let your speech be always with grace, seasoned with salt,..."
                                                    Colossians 4:6

    It is commonly  thought that the  Bible uses the  word salt to 
emphasize  preserving, purifying or  flavoring.  Interpreters will 
usually  say  "seasoned  with  salt"  means that our speech should 
include things which  are a blessing  for our hearers,  words that 
are flavorful, dynamic,  and that say good things about the person 
to whom we are talking.  If we use our common experience to decide 
what  salt  means  as  used  in  the  Bible,  that would be a fair 
conclusion.   But that conclusion is not  the result of good Bible 
study.  We must ask, "What  does the Bible tell us about  the word 
salt?" 

          The Data and Its Organization - Old Testament

    First we must find all the places where the word salt is used.  
We   shall  use   the  Young's   Concordance, which  lists all the 
English words found in the King James Bible in alphabetical order.  
(Strong's  Concordance is organized differently.)  The concordance 
is sort  of a dictionary.   Each English entry  is followed by the 
Greek or Hebrew word from  which is was translated.  There is also 
included  a  form  of  these  words  which  an English speaker may 
pronounce;  and  it  is  this  form  which  we use to look up more 
information.  In  the back  of the  concordance it  lists all  the 
Hebrew words, followed by all the Greek words, in  which the Bible 
was  actually  written.   These  words  are listed in alphabetical 
order according to pronunciation.  For each word is a list of  all 
the different  ways it has been  translated into English, together 
with the frequency of each way.  
    First we look  up the word  salt in the  main list of  English 
words; and with the  Young's Concordance we happen to be using, we 
find the word salt on Page 832.  Almost always the words salt is a 
translation  of the  Hebrew word  "melach."  Another  Hebrew word, 
"melechah", is also listed.  There is also  a listing for the word 
salted, and it is a translation of the Hebrew word "malach."
    Now we turn  to the back  of the concordance,  to the list  of 
Hebrew  words which  comes right  after the  main list  of English 
words and look for the Hebrew words "melach" and "melechah."  With 
the  concordance we  are using  these words  are found on Page 26.  
Here we discover "melach"  is used 18 times as a  noun and 9 times 
as  an adjective,  but is  always translated  as salt  in the King 
James Bible.   A note  suggests that  we find  the word  "mikreh."  
This word is on Page 27 and is rendered once, as "salt pits", when 
used  with  "melach."   Therefore  "mikreh"  does  not  contribute 
anything new.  We will keep it is mind but we will not  include it 
in our list.  "Melach" is also listed twice  in italic capitals to 
signify  that in  those cases  it is  Aramaic and not Hebrew.  The 
word "melechah" is  translated once as  "barren land" and  another 
time as "barrenness", and of  course one time in Jeremiah  17:6 as 
"salt land",  as we  found under  the English  listing of the word 
salt on Page 832. 
    Consulting the Hebrew list at the back of  the concordance has 
provided  us with  the following  information.  We are essentially 
interested in  two Hebrew  words:  melach  and melechah.   Plus we 
have  learned that to get all the  data, to find all the verses in 
which these  Hebrew words are used, we must  look up more than the 
word salt in  the main part of  the concordance.  All the  uses of 
"melach" can be found  in the listing of  the word salt.  But  for 
all  the uses  of "melechah"  we must  look under "barrenness" and 
"barren land."  We  are now in  a position to  gather all the  Old 
Testament data related to the word salt.
    Now we can return to the main list  of English words, find our 
word salt, and know  that we have all the  references to "melach", 
the Hebrew word for  salt.  Furthermore, when we turn to the words 
"barren land" and "barrenness" on Page 71 of the main English word 
list, we  find the  other 2  references to  "melechah", one in Job 
39:6  and the other  in Psalm 107:24.   A partial list  of the Old 
Testament occurences of the word salt would be:

Melechah
Psalm 107:34:             barrenness
Job 39:6:                 salt land
Jeremiah 17:6:            salt land

Melach
Genesis 14:3:             salt sea
Genesis 19:26:            Speaking of Lot's wife it says, "And she
                          became a pillar of salt."
Leviticus 2:13:           Salt occurs 3 times in this  verse.  For
                          example, "With all thine offerings  thou
                          shalt offer salt."
Numbers 18:19:            covenant of salt   This is  the covenant   
                          of the firstfruits.  This passage  talks
                          about those beasts  which are  redeemed.  
                          Also this is an everlasting covenant.
Numbers 34:3,12:          salt sea
Deuteronomy 3:17:         salt sea
Deuteronomy 29:23:        This is a curse. "The whole land thereof
                          is brimstone and salt."
Joshua 3:16, 12:3.  
       15:2,5, 18:19      salt sea
Judges 9:45:              Abimelech..."beat  down  the  city"  (of
                          Shechem) "and sowed it with salt."  This
                          was a  curse  from God,  as  we  see  in       
                          Judges 9:57.
-
-

(other scriptures)
-
-
Ezekiel 43:24:            "And the priests shall  cast salt  upon
                          them, and they shall offer them  up for 
                          a burnt offering unto the Lord."
Ezekiel 47:11:            "The marishes thereof shall not be held;
                          they shall be given to salt."
Zephaniah 2:9:            "Moab shall be as Sodom and the children
                          of Ammon as Gomorrah, even the  breeding
                          of nettles and salt pits and a perpetual
                          desolation."

    These  scriptures  can  be  divided into different categories.  
One  is the  obvious reference  to the  curse and judgment of God.  
This set  would include  Genesis 19:26,  Deuteronomy 29:23, Judges 
9:45, Ezekiel 47:11, and especially Zephaniah 2:9.
    Another set  of verses includes the reference to the salt sea.  
While salt sea  can be viewed as  a neutral term, in  the Bible we 
are  reminded  by  this  reference  of  the  judgment of Sodom and 
Gomorrah.   And so  this second  set is  also to  a certain extent 
associated with the curse and judgment of God.
    A third set of verses contains references to the Old Testament 
sacrifices.  Notice  that in  Leviticus 2:13  the instructions are 
that  all offerings must include  salt.  Numbers 18:19 and Ezekiel 
43:24 also show this.  These  sacrifices are a figure of  the Lord 
Jesus  Christ and they represent His  sacrifice upon the cross for 
us as  He endured  the wrath  of God.   This was  Judgment Day for 
Jesus,  as He paid  for the sins  ofll those who  would believe on 
Him.  This can be  supported by such scriptures as Galatians 3:13, 
Hebrews  10:4-14,  and  I  Peter  2:24.   Therefore  there is good 
agreement  between this set  of verses and  the first set, namely, 
that salt is associated with the curse and judgment of God.

                   Conclusion - Old Testament

    One conclusion we can draw from these verses is that salt is a 
word that is associated not with blessing but with God's curse and 
judgment.

              Data and Organization - New Testament

    Now let's look  at the New Testament.  When we look up salt in 
the concordance we see that the word salt is expressed in Greek as 
"halas", "hals", "halukos", and "halizomai."   At this point it is 
important to note which Greek word is  the counterpart to the word 
salt  in the verse Colossians 4:6.   It is the word "halas."  That 
is the Greek word  that is important to  us because it is  the one 
which is translated  "salt" in the verse we  are studying.  But in 
this  case  all  4  Greek  words  that  are translated as salt are 

similar and  can be  admitted as  evidence.  If  there was a clear 
difference  between different  Greek words  that are translated as 
salt in  the King  James English  Bible, then  only the  word that 
occurred in our verse would be important for analysis.  
    Looking  at  the  list  of  Greek  words  in  the  back of the 
concordance (Page 72 in the one we are using), we see that "halas" 
is translated only as  salt, and it occurs  8 times in the  Bible.  
"Hals"   occurs  one  time  in   the  Bible,  as  does  "halukos."  
"Halizomai"  occurs  3  times,  always  as  salt.   If "halas" was 
rendered  as a different English word soemwhere else in the Bible, 
we  would  have  to  go  back to  the  main  English  part  of the 
concordance  and find that  reference.  The important  thing is to 
trace that  particular Greek word throughout  the Bible, no matter 
how it is translated into English.  Incidentally, an  Englishman's 
Greek Concordance saves time by listing all the different ways one 
Greek word  is translated into English under  the same Greek word, 
together with the verses where each is found.
    One  further insight may  be gleaned by  reviewing the list of 
Greek words at the back of the concordance (Page 72) and seeing if 
there  is a Greek word  that looks similar to  the one in which we 
are interested.   We might  learn something  if we  look those up, 
too.  In  our case there  doesn't seem to  be anything significant 
which looks similar to  "halas." Therefore a complete list  of the 
New Testament occurences of the word salt would be: 

Halas
Matthew 5:13:   "Ye are the salt of the earth: but if the salt..."
Mark 9:50:      "Salt is good; but  if  the salt  have lost...Have
                salt in YOURSELVES."
Luke 14:34:     "Salt is good:  but if the salt has lost..."
Colossians 4:6: "Let your speech be...seasoned with salt..."

Hals
Mark 9:49:      "Every sacrifice shall be salted with salt."

Halukos
James 3:12:     "So can no fountain yield salt water and fresh."

Halizomai
Matthew 5:13:   "...have lost his  savor,  wherewith  shall it  be      
                salted?"
Mark 9:49:      "For  every one  shall  be  salted with  fire, and 
                every sacrifice shall be salted with salt."

    Most  of  these  occurrences  are  pretty  neutral  as  far as 
explaining  the  quality  of  salt.   In other words, Matthew 5:13 
states, "Ye  are the  salt of  the earth."   We cannot say exactly 
what that means  by itself, even though "Ye" refers to Christians.  
The word  salt is found 13  times in the Gospels  of Matthew, Mark 
and Luke.  It  occurs 6 times in  Mark alone.  Outside of  that is 
occurs only in Colossians 4:6 and James 3:12.
    Mark  9:49, 50 would be  a good place to  seek for an insight.  
And we find a clue in Mark 9:49:  "Every sacrifice shall be salted 
with  salt."   This  is  a  quote  from  one  of the Old Testament 
references we just studied.   The reference is found  in Leviticus 
2:13 and emphasizes  the fact that  the salt must  accompany every 
sacrifice.  These sacrifices were figures of God's wrath.  In this 
case, as  we saw previously,  it anticipates the  reality of God's 
wrath upon the Lord Jesus Christ.  This concept of judgment agrees 
with another phrase in Mark, "Salted with fire" (Mark 9:49), since 
fire also is associated with God's wrath (Hebrews 12:29).
    It just  so  happens  that  we  have an illustration here of a 
direct  tie  of  a  New  Testament  passage  to  our Old Testament 
references  through  the  common  verse  of Leviticus 2:13.  These 
links between Old  and New Testament  passages are very  important 
and often  make a big difference in  understanding a passage.  The 
value of these connections is  based upon the relationship between 
the Old and  New Testament, which  is cometimes expressed  in this 
way:  The New Testament  is contained in the Old Testament and the 
Old Testament is explained in the New Testament.
    However, Mark  9:50 states  that "salt  is good."   So how can 
salt be associated with the wrath of  God?  Luke 14:34 and Matthew 
5:13 are  parallels to the verse  in Mark.  They all  refer to the 
same thing but state it  a little differently in each  case.  Mark 
and  Luke  both  open  with  "salt  is  good"  and continue with a 
reverence to salt losing its  savor.  Matthew, however, opens with 
"ye are the salt of the earth" and then continues in a similar way 
to  the  other  2  verses.   By  comparing  these  verses  we  can 
tentatively conclude that the good  that is in salt is  related to 
the fact that it is in a Christian.  This conclusion is reinforced 
by a statement found in  Mark 9:50, "have salt in yourselves."  It 
is because  the Christian does  something with salt  that makes it 
good.   Whatever  salt  means,   it  is  referring  to   something 
important, because if it does  not have its salty character  it is 
counted as worthless.
    Incidentally,  it  is  important  to  be  sure we are thinking 
accurately about the Bible's use of the terms  salt and saltiness.  
They  are such  common words  in our  everyday experience  that we 
might be overly  influenced by what  we think they  obviously must 
mean.  Although God chooses words that are very familiar, a little 
reflection on the way He uses the words salt and saltiness reveals 
that He has  something quite different  in mind than  the physical 
substance we use every  day to flavor our food.   He states, "when 
salt has lost its savor..." But in  the physical world salt cannot 
lose its savor.  It is either  salty or it is not salt.   It might 
be  disguised by other substances, but if  it is salt it still has 
the same chemical composition and savor.  We are  looking then for 
a  spiritual concept  in which  the spiritual  counterpart to salt 
appears to be one thing but in reality it is not.  In other words, 
there  is no  physical counterpart  to salt  losing its savor.  We 
either have salt or we do not.  Losing our savor must mean  losing 
our salt.  God uses words from the physical world but uses them in 
a way that forces  us to seek a spiritual  understanding and there 
is a spiritual analogy, as we shall see. 
    Colossians  4:6 now can help us.   According to that verse, it 
is our  speech that must  be salted.  And  salt is associated with 
the spiritual danger of the wrath and judgment of God.  Now we are 
ready for our conclusion. 

               Conclusion - Old and New Testament

    Tying all these threads together,  we can write our conclusion 
in this  simple sentence:   Colossians 4:6  means that  our speech 
must include the wrath and judgment of God.

                     Testing Our Conclusion

    First of all, our conclusion fits the immediate context of our 
verse.   Colossians  4:3-6  is  talking  about  witnessing.   Paul 
expresses  his desire  for an  open door  to speak the Gospel.  He 
prays that  he might  have the  wisdom to  talk to unbelievers and 
that he might know how to answer every man.
    What was the content of Paul's witness?  His own assessment is 
found in Acts 20:27.  He  insisted on declaring the whole  counsel 
of God.   Paul was careful to  include in his speech  not only the 
grace  of God  but also  the necessary  prerequisite to salvation, 
which is  the realization that we are under  the wrath of God, for 
which grace is  the solution.  Furthermore, notice the effort Paul 
makes in Romans 1-3  to emphasize the salt of the  judgment of God 
in his witness. 
    The warnings that we saw in the three Gospels which state that 
salt must not  lose its saltiness can be viewed as a warning to be 
sure when  we witness we do not neglect the truth that judgment is 
coming. The larger  context of the  whole Bible agrees  with that, 
not  only  in  the  remarks  we  constantly  find in the Bible (II
Thessalonians 1:7-9),  but also as an explicit  command that we do 
not neglect  talking about  the wrath  of God  in our  own witness 
(Ezekiel 3:17,18).
    It is good to recall the fact that salt cannot really lose its 
saltiness but only seems to be salt and in reality is  not salt at 
all if it does not have its savor.  The spiritual  analogy here is 
that a witness who does not bring the whole counsel of God is  not 
a true witness and in God's eyes is worthless and to be cast out.  
    In addition, the fact that the Bible states, "salt is good" is 
a reflection  of the  fact that  unless we  tell people  the truth 
about their  sin and the consequent wrath upon it, we won't really 
be helping them.  People must face the truth before it's too late.  
And  a witness that  is faithful to  the whole Bible  is a witness 
that can really be used  of God to save people.  Our salty witness 
is good  in the  highest degree  when it  arrests people  in their 
headlong race toward hell and turns them  so that they flee to God 
for mercy.  It is  a good for nothing  thing to bring a  gospel of 
peace when there is none (Ezekiel 13:10 & ll).  It is a good thing 
to warn people while they can still be saved (Jonah 3:4,5,10.)
    Another test of our conclusion is in the form of a  challenge.  
Does John 3:17 say  that a word of  condemnation is not proper  in 
our speech?   Actually, that verse does not say that Jesus did not 
condemn the world, but rather that He was not sent for the purpose 
of condemning it;  He came as the only Savior the world would ever 
know.   The  next  few  verses  (18  &  19)  tell  us that men are 
condemned already on the basis of their own wickedness.  It may be 
that men add  to their wickedness by their  unbelief.  But men are 
condemned first because they  are sinners.  Jesus did not  need to 
do that when He came.  Nevertheless we know very well from Matthew 
22 & 23  that Jesus had very condemning words  to say to those who 
were enemies of the Gospel.  His speech was also salted with  hell 
and wrath.  Therefore our conclusion still stands. 

                           Application

    We can go back to the verse in Acts 20:27 to see how we should 
act  in light of  our conclusion.  We  have a responsibility, like 
Paul, to tell  the whole truth as the Bible presents it.  It is up 
to God to  let it do  its work.  After  all, according to  Hebrews 
4:12,  the Bible is a two-edged sword  which we must expect to cut 
both ways.   When we bring  the news of  wrath, as well  as grace, 
some  will  be  saved  and  some  will  turn  away (II Corinthians 
2:14,15).  
    We can  also apply this  conclusion to our  attitude.  We must 
trust  God  at  His  Word,  that  He  will accomplish His purposes 
through  it (Isaiah 55:8,11).   Also, we know  that according to I 
Corinthians 2:14 the Gospel is not particularly popular  and we do 
not focus upon results.   We must not be only  concerned about how 
many people are saved when  we witness, but rather we  must desire 
to be faithful stewards of God's Word (I  Corinthians 4:2).  It is 
our job just to make sure our speech is both always with grace and 
seasoned with salt. 

             An Illustration of the Value of Context
            Through a Study of the Passage Acts 1:4-8

    What  did  the  apostles  have  in  mind  when  they asked the 
question recorded in Acts  1:6?  It is usually assumed  that their 
question was  ill timed  and inappropriate  because of  the answer 
Jesus gave them  in verse 7.   The normal conclusion  is that they 
were anticipating a restoration  of the political, physical nation 
of Israel,  in contrast to  the immediate concern  of Jesus, which 
was  the  evangelization  of  the  world  (Acts  1:8).   Was their 
question really based on their  lack of understanding?  Was it  an 
ignorant question?   Perhaps.  But  any conclusion  must be  based 
upon comparing  verse 6 with the surrounding verses as well as the 
rest of  the Bible.  We must not rest our case on what seems to be 
evident from a straightforward reading of verse 6 alone.
    First of all, the apostles' question follows vss. 4 and 5.  We 
shall  appeal  to  the  relevance  of  context  by trying to first 
understand something about  these two verses, and then see if they 
help us  understand the  apostles' motivation  and interest behind 
their question.
    The word "He" of verse 3 is the subject of the verb command in 
verse 4.  So we know that the apostles remained in Jerusalem  with 
orders  from Jesus Himself to wait for the "promise of the Father, 
which saith He,  ye have heard of Me." The words "of Me" mean that 
Jesus is referring to the fact that He had Himself told them about 
that promise previously.  What could the apostles  expect from the 
Father?  Did they know what Jesus meant when He spoke in Acts 1:4?  
Consulting a listing  of the word  "Father" in a  concordance, and 
reflecting upon those references in which Jesus Himself is talking 
to the apostles about the Father, we discover  that the answer is, 
yes.  The apostles  did know what Jesus meant in  Acts 1:4.  A few 
weeks before, Jesus had  said, "And I will pray the  Father and He 
shall  give  you  another  Comforter,  that  He may abide with you 
forever"  (John 14:16).  That is what the Father would send to the 
disciples.   And  more  than  that,  we  learn  that  the gift was 
purposeful.  "But  the Comforter,  which is  the Holy  Ghost,...He 
shall   teach  you  all  things  and  bring  all  things  to  your 
remembrance,  whatsoever  I  have  said  unto  you"  (John 14:26).  
Furthermore,  the gift  of the  Father was  more than just for the 
personal edification of  the apostles.  They  were expected to  do 
something  with  what  the  Father's  Comforter  would teach them.  
According to  John 15:26 & 27,  of the things which  the Spirit of 
truth would teach them concerning Jesus, they must "bear witness." 
This whole idea is repeated and emphasized in  John 16:13-14.  The 
promise  of the  Father was  that the  Comforter, the Holy Spirit, 
would come and enable the  apostles to preach the Gospel  of Jesus 
Christ.   "When the  Spirit of  truth will  come He will guide you 
into all truth" (John 16:13).  "He shall glorify Me" (John 16:14).  
"He shall take of Mine, and shall show it unto you" (John 16:15). 
    Therefore,  one  thing  the  apostles  knew  very well was the 
nature  and the  purpose of  the promise  of the Father which they 
heard  of  previously  from Jesus.  God promised to enable them to 
testify about Jesus to the world.
    Acts 1:5 begins  with the word, "For." This  alerts us that it 
is a continuation  of what Jesus is saying in  verse 4.  We should 
expect that, since the two verses are part of one remark by Jesus.  
The phrase,  "John truly baptized  with water," is  a reference to 
Matthew 3:11.   Whatever John the Baptist did,  it was in contrast 
to  (but in verse  5) the preparation  the apostles would have for 
their task of bearing witness to Jesus.  In verse 5 and in Matthew 
11:3 the promise of the  Father is expressed by being  baptized by 
the  Holy Ghost.  We  know that the  baptism by the  Holy Ghost is 
related to  the promised Comforter because verse  4 is part of the 
context of verse 5 and ought  to be talking about the same  thing.  
Matthew 3:11 tells us in John's own words that his  baptism served 
only toward  repentance.  He brought  people to the  law of God to 
show  them how sinful they were.  He was an Old Testament prophet, 
preaching before  the cross.   He brought  the law  and could only 
point  ahead to  the Savior  which was  to come (Matthew 3:3), who 
would deliver men from  the curse of the law.   John emphasizes in 
that same verse (verse 11) that a time will come when Jesus Christ 
would baptize with the Holy Ghost  and fire.  By tracing the words 
baptize and Holy Ghost through the New Testament we arrive at such 
verses as Acts 22:16 and Titus 3:5, which teach us that baptism in 
the  Holy  Ghost  means  to  be  saved.   Again  we  arrive at the 
conclusion  that  the  apostles,  who  knew all that past history, 
realized  that Jesus  was talking  about salvation  from sin.  The 
apostles, obedient  to Christ, were to wait for the Comforter, who 
would  enable  them  to  preach  this  word  of salvation in Jesus 
Christ. 
    It  is  stated  in  Acts  1:5  that  they  personally would be 
baptized, but verse 5 states this  not because they had yet to  be 
saved  (for  we  know  from  the  scriptures  that they were), but 
because God would now identify being baptized with  the Holy Ghost 
(a phrase used for salvation) with enablement to preach the Gospel 
(the promise of verse 4).  From now on everyone who is saved would 
be  specifically  qualified  and  mandated  to bring the Gospel of 
salvation. 
    Now  we  can  directly  tie  all  we  have  researched  to the 
apostles' question  in verse  6.  Notice  for one  thing the  word 
"therefore." This word  signifies a cause and  effect relationship 
and  removes all doubt  about the relevance  of verses 4  and 5 to 

verse 6.   The apostles knew what Jesus was saying in verses 4 and 
5; therefore they  asked the question in verse  6.  Jesus had just 
reminded them of a few things that they ought to know, namely, the 
spiritual task of witnessing that  is ahead of them.  With this in 
their minds, they "therefore" came together  and asked, "Wilt Thou 
at  this time restore  again the Kingdom  to Israel?"  Whatever we 
think this question  might mean, by applying the  context, we know 
that the question must  be related to the bringing  of the Gospel.  
and in fact, alittle research into the extended context will  show 
that this is so.
    Looking at  the word restore in the  concordance, we arrive at 
these two significant passages.   Isaiah 49:6 states that God will 
some day "restore the preserved of Israel." And in the same breath 
He continues on  with the rest  of the verse,  which we know  is a 
reference  to bringing the Gospel to  the world because this verse 
is quoted  and explained in Acts 13:47.   Certainly the context of 
one-half of a verse applies to  the other half of the same  verse.  
Therefore the restoration "of" Israel is the sending forth  of the 
Gospel to restore Israel to the Gospel.  Secondly, a reinforcement 
to  this idea that "restoration" means salvation is found in Psalm 
85:1 and 2.  Here bringing back the captivity of Jacob is  equated 
with the forgiveness  of iniquity, and the covering  for sin.  The 
context (verse  2) tells us the meaning of verse 1.  Bringing back 
means  that  Jacob  will  be  saved  and Jacob refers to all God's 
people, the elect, because  they are the only people who are saved 
from sin. 
    The word Kingdom must, according to the context, be related to 
salvation.  And so it must  be taken in the sense that Jesus meant 
it, as, for example, in John 18:36.  It is not a political kingdom 
like all the  others of the world.   And yet it is  a real literal 
kingdom; and He is a King  (John 18:37), King of all those who are 
redeemed.   The  Kingdom  will  be restored "to" Israel.  In other 
words, God's  people, those  redeemed from  sin, will  inherit the 
Kingdom of God.  Similarly, the word Israel, already modified from 
its  naturalistic and political sense to  a spiritual sense by the 
Isaiah 49:6 - Acts 13:47 couplet, can be related to the concept of 
salvation from sin by remembering such verses as Romans 9:6.  "For 
they  are  not  all  Israel  which  are  of Israel."  Who then are 
"Israel?"   The  same  passage  in  Romans  9  tells  us  that the 
"children  of the promise" are counted  for the "seed" of Abraham; 
they are  the true  Israel.  Who  are these  "children of promise?  
They  are Christians, according  to Galatians 4:28.   They are all 
who have faith as we read in Romans 4:16.
    Again we are left with  the conclusion that the apostles  knew 
what  they  were  asking.   The  question  in  verse  6 was not an 
ignorant question.   The apostles knew  quite well what  they were 
asking and were eager to see  the salvation of God brought to  the 
whole  world.  They wanted  the Gospel to  go to all  the world so 
that all God's children would come to faith.  Therefore the answer 
Jesus gave in  verse 7 and  8 does not  ignore or set  aside their 
question  but answers it.   The restoration of  Israel would come; 
but  the complete  restoration, in  its fullest,  would not  be at 
"this time".   Jesus says they do not need to know when the job of 
evangelization would be complete, and  so they would not "know the 
times  or seasons" when the job  of restoration would be complete.  
The answer to the question  in verse 6 is found in verse 8.  Jesus 
is saying that  He is resotring the Kingdom when they are bringing 
the Gospel.  Jesus goes back to the promise of verse 4 and reminds 
them that the Holy Ghost would  come upon them.  And so they  will 
be  able  to  witness,  as  was  promised in John 15:26 (the words 
witness  and  testify  come  from  the  same Greek word).  The tie 
between John 15:26 and Acts 1:8 is direct  and sure.  Therefore we 
know that Jesus is  reminding them of something they  already were 
aware  of when  He directed  them to  be witnesses  throughout the 
world. 
    In short, Jesus begins  the conversation by telling them about 
the promise the Father would give.  They quite  naturally ask when 
that would be  completely fulfilled.  Jesus  then tells them  that 
it's not for them  to know when the full evnagelistic season would 
be complete,  but nevertheless they  are to go  out and inaugurate 
it. 
    We might be  surprised at the way that  the apostles asked the 
question.  Why did they  not, for example, just use  the words and 
phrases  in the  New Testament  which are  clearly identified with 
bringing the Gospel?  They could have  used words and phrases that 
come  out of  the passages  in John 14 through 16,  to which Jesus 
Himself  refers.  However, it is not so strange that they used the 
phrase "restore again the Kingdom to Israel," when we reflect on a 
few facts.   The Old Testament  was the only  portion of scripture 
that they had  to go on and it is the scripture that Jesus Himself 
used  to  explain  His  full  salvation  story, as we read in Luke 
24:19-27.   Since Luke  24:27 says  Jesus expounded all scriptures 
concerning Himself,  it would  include passage  that use "restore,
such  as  Isaiah  49.   The  men  who heard Jesus expound told the 
disciples what had  happened (Luke 24:35).  Another important fact 
is that while  it is true that the apostles spoke the question, it 
is really God who  spoke in Acts 1:6.  Once this  verse was set in 
scripture, it became the Word  of God.  Of all the tings  that the 
apostles could  have said,  God guided  them to  say what they did 
because  it  is  what  God  wants  to tell us about this incident.  
Therefore it  is natural  to expect  God to  tie together  the Old 
Testament  promises  with  the  New  Testament  fulfillment.  God, 
through the apostles' question,  unifies the Old and New Testament 
promises.   In fact,  we learn  that the  context of  any verse is 
"all" the  rest of  the Bible.   That is  the context which really 
matters  and must be  faced.  As we  assumed before we studied the 
Bible, we  must gather "all" the  data; and we must  expect to use 
the  immediate and  relevant extended  data before  we can  make a 
    Perhaps the  emphasis that  the apostles  were eagerly looking 
for  the opportunity  to testify  of Jesus  to the  world seems to 
conflict  with  the  story  in  Acts  10  in which God had to take 
special  steps to convince  Peter to evangelize  the Gentiles too.  
But that is not  a real conflict.  For  one thing the question  in 
Acts  1:6  is  a  general  question.   When  will the evangelistic 
program be  completed?  Whether  some apostles  actively worked to 
include  the Gentiles  in the  Kingdom or  not does not change the 
fact that they asked a spiritual question, about evangelism.
    Peter,  for example, still well understood the nature and goal 
of the  Gospel.  The proof of that is  that before the incident in 
Acts  10 Peter was still an ardent evangelist.  He preaced widely, 
seeking  to  restore  many  from  the  bondage  to their sin (Acts 
3:12-26).  Peter just had to be further instructed about the scope 
of the Gospel he  so eagerly proclaimed.  In fact,  other apostles 
quite  willingly  preached  to  Gentiles.   Acts  8  tells us that 
Phillip  was  quick  to  preach  to   an  Ethiopian.   He  had  no 
reservations  about  preaching  Jesus  to  a  Gentile.  And so our 
conclusion stands.   No future physical restoration  of the nation 
of Israel was anticipated  by the apostles.  The whole  context of 
Acts  Chapter  One   is  the  inauguration  of  God's  program  of 
evangelism.   It  was  Jesus'  main  desire  and  to  this all the 
apostles agreed  and looked forward to  its completion.            
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