SIX ROMAN CATHOLIC DOCTRINES THAT NULLIFY SALVATION BY GRACE

		   A Media Spotlight Special Report
		        by Albert James Dager

		   Copyright 1988, Media Spotlight

			  MEDIA SPOTLIGHT
			    P.O. BOX 290
			REDMOND, WA 98073-0290

   INTRODUCTION
   There are problems in dealing with doctrinal errors in any church or 
religious sect.  Because one speaks out against error he is often 
considered unloving toward those who hold those errors.  That may be true 
in some instances.  No doubt there are those who would use knowledge of the 
truth as an excuse to vent their wrath upon others with whom they find 
dislike.

   Besides the truth of his words, one's motive for his actions is the 
all-important consideration in determining whether or not he is justified 
in his charges: "Though I have all knowledge and have not love, I am 
nothing" (1 Corinthians 13:2).  The truth spoken in love--whether gently or 
harshly--is the only way to confront error.  Though not all who hear the 
truth will recognize the love or accept the words, this does not diminish 
the service to God or man by those speaking the truth in love.

   It's difficult, when zealousness overtakes good judgment, to make the 
truth sound as if it is being offered in love.  No ones likes criticism, 
and it is all the more unappealing when offered in words hard to receive.  
Yet there are times when only hard words can adequately express the truth.  
But no matter how the truth is presented, we always risk offending those 
who may not understand our motive or the truth itself.

   One may ask, "Who is to determine what is truth?"  For the Christian 
there is only one unimpeachable source: the Word of God, the Bible, 
understood with the mind Christ--a mind humbly submitted to seeking the 
will of the Father and following it.  All who seek the truth with that mind 
will find it (Matthew 7:7).

   Because Roman Catholicism places its teaching authority and its 
traditions on an equal footing with Scripture in formulating its doctrines 
it has fallen into great error.  It has rejected the objective standard of 
God's Word in lieu of the subjective reasoning of man's religious spirit.  
Where there has been conflict between Scripture and tradition Roman 
Catholicism has attempted to explain Scripture in a manner that 
subordinates it to tradition.

   Today, among Roman Catholics, there is a searching for truth.  And with 
that searching has come an awakening to the fact that one's salvation rests 
solely upon the shed blood of Jesus and His resurrections.  There have 
always been those within the Roman Catholic Church who have recognized this 
truth and have attempted to bring it to light in spite of persecution from 
the political hierarchy.  Perhaps they have not had a full grasp of the 
knowledge of the truth, having been indoctrinated in Romanism for all or 
most of their lives, but they have loved Jesus and have sought a closer 
walk with Him in the only way they knew.

   This may even be said of some priests (and certainly of many nuns) who 
have not understood the full implications of certain doctrines of their 
church.  We can be thankful that we are saved by grace and not by 
knowledge.

   Yet with knowledge comes responsibility.  Many Catholics, when 
presented with the truth, receive it and enter into the salvation provided 
by Christ.  Some attempt for a time to remain in the Roman Catholic Church 
in the hope that they may reach others in that church with the truth.  
Sooner or later, however, as the full implications of Rome's teachings dawn 
upon them, they are forced to make a choice: will they tolerate serious 
error that nullifies the grace of God, or will they leave in order to seek 
a more scriptural walk and enter into fellowship with true believers?

   It is to non-Catholic Christians that I hope this writing will give a 
better understanding of why we cannot accept the Roman Catholic Church 
(that is the religious system) as one with which we may have unity.  But it 
is also to those Catholics who are seeking the truth of God that it is 
offered as a means to bring better understanding of how certain teachings 
of their church nullify the doctrine of salvation by grace.

   This particular writing deals with Roman Catholicism for specific 
reasons.  That church's plea for unity has not been understood among 
Christians who are unaware that unity with Rome must be on its terms: 
submission to papal authority.  Also, there is a trend among Christians to 
look favorably upon Roman Catholicism because it is perceived as 
intrinsically "Christian".  It is reasoned that, since Roman Catholicism 
teaches the virgin birth, the deity of Christ, the sacrifice of the cross, 
the resurrection, and belief in an eternal Hell, whatever else they teach 
isn't important--they are only minor errors that can be overlooked.

   But the true implication of Rome's teachings has escaped many 
Christians who are unaware of exactly what they contain.  The issues at 
hand in this writing are certain doctrines--essential for all Roman 
Catholics to believe, and unchangeable--that effectively nullify the 
cardinal doctrine upon which the Christian faith is built: salvation by 
grace.

   Careful analysis of Roman Catholic teaching demonstrates conclusively 
that that church limits in the hearts and minds of its adherents the saving 
power of Jesus' blood.

   The six doctrines presented herein are by no means the only serious 
errors to which the Roman Catholic Church adheres.  But they are six of the 
most serious errors which nullify the cardinal doctrine of salvation by 
grace.  This analysis is offered with the earnest prayer that Roman 
Catholics who are searching for the truth will come to the realization 
that salvation rests solely upon the grace of God through the person of 
Jesus Christ alone, and not on any other mediator or mediatrix, nor on the 
merits of one's own works.

   And while my hope is for Catholics to realize these truths, I also pray 
that all who call themselves "Christian" will realize them and come out 
from any church whose teachings nullify them.  May all Christians examine 
their own hearts and, with a better understanding, reach out to Catholics 
with the truth rather than acquiesce in the name of "ecumenism".

   PROLOGUE

   When Jesus came to the neighborhood of Caesarea Philippi, he asked 
his disciples this question:  "Who do people say that the Son of Man 
is?"  They replied, "Some say John the Baptizer, others Elijah, still 
others Jeremiah or one of the prophets."

   "And you," he said to them, "who do you say that I am?"  "You are 
Messiah," Simon Peter answered, "the Son of the living God!"  Jesus 
replied, "Blest are you, Simon son of Jonah!  No mere man has revealed 
this to you, but my heavenly Father.  I for my part declare to you, 
you are 'Rock,' and on this rock I will build my church, and the jaws 
of death shall not prevail against it.  I will entrust to you the keys 
of the kingdom of heaven, whatever you declare bound on earth shall be 
bound in heaven; whatever you declare loosed on earth shall be loosed 
in heaven."

   Then he strictly ordered his disciples not to tell anyone that he 
was the Messiah.
Matthew 16:13-20

   Upon this passage of Scripture rest all the claims of the Roman 
Catholic Church as being the only true Church instituted by Christ.  All 
Roman Catholic doctrine and its interpretation of Scripture and tradition 
likewise have their foundation in this single Bible passage because, 
according to the Roman Catholic Church, it is this singular portion of all 
the inspired writings which gives it the authority to make its laws and 
declare its doctrines which must be adhered to in order to be considered 
fully incorporated into the Body of Christ.

   The Roman Catholic Church believes that when Simon Peter (Petros, 
translated "Rock") was told by Jesus that upon this rock (petra) he would 
build His Church, Peter was given primacy of position over all the apostles 
and, subsequently, over the entire Church.  He was, in effect the first 
Pope and the Roman Catholic Church believes that all succeeding Popes are 
his descendants on the ecclesiastical ladder in time.

   According to the Catholic Encyclopedia published by Thomas Nelson Co., 
page 479:

   The Pope is the Roman Pontiff who, by divine law, has supreme 
jurisdiction over the universal Church.  He is the supreme superior of 
all religious.  The Pope may act alone or with a council in defining 
doctrine for the universal Church or in making laws.  (cf 
Infallibility).  He is addressed as His Holiness the Pope.  By title 
and right he is:  Bishop of Rome, Vicar of Jesus Christ, Successor of 
St. Peter, the Prince of the Apostles, Supreme Pontiff, Patriarch of 
the West, Primate of Italy, Archbishop and Metropolitan of the Roman 
province, and Sovereign of the State of Vatican .  (Cf Apostolic 
succession)

   Vatican II teaches:  "This Church (of Christ) constituted and 
organized in the world as a society, subsists in the Catholic Church, 
which is governed by the successor of Peter and by the bishops in union 
with that Successor, although many elements of sanctification and truth 
can be found outside of her visible structure.  These elements, 
however, as gifts properly belonging to the Church of Christ, possess 
an inner dynamism toward Catholic unity." (LG8)

   And:  "In exercising supreme, full, and immediate power over the 
universal Church, the Roman Pontiff makes use of the departments of the 
Roman Curia.  These, therefore, perform their duties in his name and 
with his authority, for the good of the Churches and in the service of 
the sacred pastors" (CD9).

   The Pope thus has (1) a genuine primacy of jurisdictional power, 
that is, a power connected with the primatial office itself as an 
essential, constitutive element.

   Regarding the reason why Rome is the seat of the Roman Catholic Church, 
the Catholic Encyclopedia says, under the heading "ROME."

   The capital city of today's Italy, the seat of the government, and 
principal city of the ancient Roman Empire, was inhabited as early as 
the eight century B.C.  After having spent some time in Jerusalem and 
Antioch, St. Peter journeyed to Rome in AD 42 and established the 
Church, making numerous converts and enduring the first-century 
persecutions.  It is within the city of Rome , called the city of seven 
hills, that the entire area of Vatican State proper now is confined.  
By treaty with the Italian government certain other properties apart 
from the Vatican State are considered as territorial parts of the state 
of Vatican City.  Since the founding of the Church there by St. Peter, 
the city of Rome has been the center of Christendom.  The city itself 
is the diocese of the Pope as bishop of Rome.

   About the Pope and his relationship to Christians (both Roman Catholics 
and non-Catholics) the Roman Catholic Church holds the following doctrine 
to be true:

   Hence we declare, affirm, define and pronounce that it is 
altogether necessary for the salvation of every creature to be subject 
to the Roman Pontiff.

   It must be understood that the doctrine of Papal Infallibility states 
that when a Pope is speaking officially on matters of faith or morals he is 
speaking infallibly and there is no possibility of error in his 
pronouncement.

   This doctrine, stated by Pope Boniface VIII in 1302 through his 
encyclical, "Unam Sanctum," was considered doctrine as defined and 
pronounced officially.  Since Roman Catholic doctrine cannot change 
(according to the Roman Catholic Church itself) then it must be assumed 
that this doctrine must still be held to.

   Today this doctrine is largely played down or ignored because of the 
impact it can have upon non-Catholics; but we can't ignore the fact that it 
was declared doctrine and, no matter how it has been elaborated upon since, 
it still must be true.  There is no salvation to anyone who is not subject 
to the Pope.

   If this doctrine is not true, then neither can be the doctrine of Papal 
Infallibility because we would see immediately that Pope Boniface VIII 
made an error in his pronouncement of this doctrine.

   However, assuming that this doctrine is true, then how do we handle the 
following doctrine as defined by Vatican II:

   The Church recognizes that in many ways she is linked with those 
who, being baptized, are honored with the name of Christian, though 
they do not profess the faith in its entirety or do not preserve unity 
of communion with the successor of Peter.

   We can say that in some real way they are joined with us in the 
Holy Spirit, for to them also He gives His gifts and graces, and is 
thereby operative among them with His sanctifying power.

   There is a problem which we must honestly consider here.  God's 
salvation doesn't fluctuate from century to century.  What was necessary 
for salvation at the beginning is still necessary today and no amount of 
philosophizing can change that fact.

   The issue here isn't whether non-Catholics can have salvation if they 
do not submit to the Pope.  The issue is whether or not the Pope and/or 
the Magisterial of the Roman Catholic Church has a legitimate claim to 
infallibility in its proclamation of dogma.

   Granted, this may seem like a small matter to most Christians of any 
denominational persuasion but the importance can only be understood as one 
realizes the conflict in dogma which casts a shadow of question on the 
teaching authority of the Roman Hierarchy.  For if there is any question of 
the validity of that teaching authority then all of the stated dogmas of 
the Roman Catholic Church would have to be tested to see if they were, in 
fact, of God or not.  The essential dogmas relating to salvation and the 
destiny of the human soul are especially crucial for consideration for 
there are several such dogmas as defined by the Roman Church which, if 
properly understood, can nullify the primary dogma of salvation through 
faith in Jesus' sacrifice on the Cross of Calvary.

   In an attempt to be as totally objective as possible, I have, in the 
following pages, followed a simple outline consideration of several 
doctrines as they are defined by the Roman Catholic Church.  After naming a 
particular doctrine I have, wherever possible, stated the year it was 
defined, the source of its definition and the Roman Catholic Church's basis 
for that definition, whether it be according to that church's 
interpretation of the Holy Scriptures or according to tradition.  Then 
follows a verbatim quotation of the doctrine from a reliable source.  All 
sources quoted are approved Roman Catholic publications which bear the 
imprimatur of authorized representatives of the Roman Catholic Church.  The 
imprimatur, or "right to publish" is the Roman Church's means of protecting 
itself from spurious or forged documents which purport to be official when 
in fact they are not.

   Roman Catholic Canon 1394 requires that when a work is printed, notice 
of the grant of the permission be printed in that work.  It is the simplest 
and most efficient way to acquaint the public with the fact that the 
permission was granted.

   The Latin word "imprimatur" literally means "Let it be printed." and 
is used by Church authorities to extend permission for the printing of 
writings, prayers, pictures, and other material.  The word is generally 
followed by the ordinary (bishops, abbots, prelates, etc.) of the diocese 
in which the printing or publishing was done or where the author lives.

   The imprimatur guarantees that the written work is free from any 
doctrinal or moral error as defined by the Roman Catholic Church.

   In addition to doctrine which the Roman Catholic Church considers 
essential to belief in order to be considered a member of the true Body of 
Christ, I have also listed secondary teachings as well as rituals and 
traditions which the Roman Catholic Church holds sacred.

   Following the stated doctrine I have listed Scriptural verses which can 
clearly be understood without any special knowledge of the Bible, by anyone 
who will read this work with an open heart.  These Scriptural passages 
should prove valuable in ascertaining the validity of the questionable 
teachings.

   Finally, will follow my own personal observations which, using the 
intelligence that the Lord gave me along with a sincerity to learn the true 
nature of these doctrines, will give a logical explanation why I feel that 
the doctrine of teaching in question should not be held by a believer or at 
least should not be held unquestionably as a prerequisite to membership in 
the Body of Christ.

   It is my hope that those who read these pages will be ministered to in 
their spirits and that all, both Catholics and non-Catholics will come to a 
better understanding of God's work in and outside of the Roman Catholic 
Church.

   		    INFALLIBILITY OF THE POPE

	   DOGMA DECLARED BY VATICAN COUNCIL I - 1870 AD
		     BASIS FOR BELIEF: NONE
		TIMES MENTIONED IN SCRIPTURE: NONE

   		THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCHES TEACHES:

   Definition:

   Infallibility - In its Catholic doctrinal meaning, infallibility is 
the end result of divine assistance given the Church whereby she is 
preserved from the possibility and liability to error in teachings on 
matters of faith and morals.  That infallibility was always present in 
the Church, even from apostolic times, is frequently affirmed by 
actions and declarations of the Apostles (Gal. 1:9) and spoken of by 
the fathers of the Church as the "charisma of truth" (St. Irenaeus).  
The doctrine of infallibility was defined by Vatican Council I (Sess. 
III, cap.4) and promulgated on July 18, 1870, the day before war broke 
out between Germany and France, which led indirectly to formal 
suspension of the Council three months later.  The doctrine defines 
that infallibility is: (1) in the pope personally and solely as the 
successor of St. Peter, (2) in an ecumenical council subject to 
confirmation by the pope, (3) in the bishops of the Universal Church 
teaching definitively in union with the pope.  As such, infallibility 
does not extend to pronouncements on discipline and Church policy and 
by no means includes impeccability of the pope or inerrancy in his 
private opinions.  It is, briefly, the assured guarantee of the 
unfolding of the apostolic deposit of faith by authority of the Church 
whereby Christ's doctrine must and will be handed on by an infallible 
Church guided by the Holy Spirit.  It is distinguished from both 
biblical inspiration and revelation.

   Vatican II further teaches: "This is the infallibility which the 
Roman Pontiff, the head of the college of bishops, enjoys in virtue of 
his office, when, as the supreme shepherd and teacher of all the 
faithful, who confirms his brethren in their faith, he proclaims by a 
definitive act some doctrine of faith or morals.

   "Therefore his definitions, of themselves, and not from the consent 
of the Church, are justly styled irreformable, for they are pronounced 
with the assistance of the Holy Spirit, an assistance promised to him 
in blessed Peter.  Therefore they need no approval of others, nor do 
they allow an appeal to any other judgment" (LG 25).

   And: "The Roman Pontiff is not pronouncing judgment as a private 
person.  Rather as the supreme teacher of the universal Church, as one 
in whom the charism of the infallibility of the Church herself is 
individually present, he is expounding or defending a doctrine of 
Catholic Faith" (LG 25).

   And: "Although the individual bishops do not the enjoy the 
prerogative of infallibility, they can nevertheless proclaim Christ's 
doctrine infallibly.  this is so, even when they are dispersed around 
the world, provided that while maintaining the bond of unity among 
themselves and with Peter's successor, and while teaching authentically 
on a matter of faith or morals, they can concur in a single viewpoint 
as the one which must be held conclusively" (LG 25).

   And: "This infallibility with which the divine Redeemer willed His 
Church to be endowed in defining a doctrine of faith and morals extends 
as far as the deposit of divine revelation, which must be religiously 
guarded and faithfully expounded" (LG 25).

   	The Catholic Encyclopedia / Nelson - page 293 & 293

   Teachings:

   Infallibility does not mean preservation from sin, which is 
impeccability.  In apostolic times, St. Peter was infallible in the 
exercise of his office.  But, unlike the Blessed Virgin, he was not 
impeccable, although it is commonly held that all the apostles were 
confirmed in grace on the day of Pentecost and thus preserved from 
losing the friendship of God.

   Infallibility is not inspiration.  Inspiration implies that God is 
the principal author of the word or work inspired, although using a 
human instrument; whereas infallibility is a providential aid, so that 
the human being who was helped (and not God) is the immediate author of 
an infallible statement.

   	  The Catholic Catechism / Doubleday - page 224

   ROMAN CATHOLIC SCRIPTURAL REFERENCES:

   Galatians 1:9

   I repeat what I have just said: if anyone preaches a gospel to you 
other than the one you received, let a curse be upon him!  

   	     COMMENTS ON SCRIPTURAL REFERENCE ABOVE

   Galatians 1:9

   The Apostle Paul was very careful to point out in the verse just 
previous to this one that, even if he himself were to preach any other 
gospel than the one he had preached, he should be accursed.

   The simple gospel of Truth that Paul proclaimed had nothing to do 
with faith in any person other than Jesus Christ.  If, in order to 
belong to the Body of Christ and, therefore, to be an heir of 
salvation, it is necessary to believe in the infallibility of a mere 
man, then faith in Christ's atonement isn't enough.  Galatians 1:9 in 
no way affirms infallibility.  On the contrary, the mere suggestion 
that the Apostle Paul could become apostate himself and bring another 
gospel later would be evidence that he, as the greatest teacher in the 
history of the Church, wasn't infallible.

   Some might argue that he wasn't the pope - Peter was.  In the same 
book of the Bible and just in the next chapter (2) Paul relates how he 
had to rebuke Peter for his attitude towards the Gentile believers, 
treating them as inferior to the Jewish believers.

   Scripture presents ample evidence that Paul was the great authority 
in the early Church even above Peter when it came to teaching.  Yet, as 
I have stated already, he admitted the possibility that he might even 
be swayed from the truth and at a later time preach another gospel 
than the true gospel which had already been proclaimed.

   The Gospel of Christ is the good news of salvation through faith in 
His redemptive work.  To add doctrines to the already proclaimed 
doctrines of Scripture on the basis of their being recently revealed is 
to say that, as years pass, later generations must meet new standards 
of belief than earlier generations.  This is not reasonable nor is it 
in conformance with God's own words that "I, the Lord, do not change." 
(Malachi 3:1)

   In any case, this is hardly adequate Scriptural basis for declaring 
so important a doctrine that would permit complete control of the 
thinking of billions of people down through the ages.

   		SCRIPTURAL REFERENCES TO REFUTE THE DOCTRINE 
		      OF THE INFALLIBILITY OF THE POPE:

   James 3:13-17

   If one of you is wise and understanding, let him show this in 
practice through a humility filled with good sense.  Should you 
instead nurse bitter jealousy and selfish ambition in your hearts, 
at least refrain from arrogant and false claims against the truth.  
Wisdom like this does not come from above.  It is earthbound, a 
kind of animal, even devilish, cunning.  Where there are jealousy 
and strife, there also are inconstancy and all kinds of vile 
behavior.  Wisdom from above, by contrast, is first of all 
innocent.  It is also peaceable, lenient, docile, rich in sympathy 
and the kindly deeds that are its fruits, impartial and sincere.
James 1:5

   If any of you is without wisdom, let him ask it from the God 
who gives generously and ungrudgingly to all, and it will be given 
him.

   FINAL COMMENT

   While the Scriptures quoted above don't actually refute the 
doctrine of infallibility in so many words, they prove that God's 
wisdom is available to all who will ask in faith believing.  Actually, 
there is no way to prove that the pope is not infallible simply because 
it is possible for any person to be infallible if he is being led by 
the Holy Spirit.

   What I wish to point out in using these verses from the Epistle of 
James is that, according to them, there must have been some Popes who 
were not infallible because their actions betrayed a lack of wisdom and 
faith.  It isn't my purpose to rehash all of the old accusations 
against former papal authorities who committed all sorts of atrocities 
in the interest of power.  The Roman Catholic Church is well aware of 
them and, at least as far as the hierarchy of today is concerned, they 
are looked upon as evil manifestations of a sordid past.

   But those atrocities prove that the popes responsible for them were 
incapable of exercising proper faith and wisdom.  Even later on in his 
Epistle James make the comment that "faith without good works is dead."  
Dead faith can hardly produce infallibility in judgment.  Even though
the Roman Catholic Church may honestly state that infallibility does 
not mean impeccability, it nevertheless must be remembered that God 
will not impart His grace to evil doers.

   The question of infallibility isn't even dealt with in Scripture.  
A doctrine so important as this should be expected to be stated in the 
writings of the Apostles since they covered everything else that was 
necessary for belief.

   When the Roman Catholic Church says that the Pope's definitions are 
irreformable and therefore need no approval of others, nor do they 
allow and appeal to any other judgment, she is placing the Body of 
Christ at the mercy of the personal whims of a single human being or, 
in some cases, the magisterium with the approval of that single human 
being.

   The word "irreformable" means "beyond the possibility of being 
reformed."  It implies that no change is ever possible.  Yet, there are 
countless instances of changes in Roman Catholic teaching.  Remember 
now that infallibility applies to all teachings on faith and morals 
when the Pope is speaking officially.  This must then apply to all 
Church laws which can affect the eternal destiny of believers.

   When the Church in just the past couple of decades taught that if a
Catholic were to eat meat on Friday and die without confessing it to a 
priest he would go to Hell, it was certainly speaking on a matter of 
faith and morals combined.  According to Church law it was a mortal sin 
worthy of eternal damnation to eat a piece of meat on Friday.  This 
depended, of course, on what part of the world you lived in or what 
rite you adhered to (Eastern or Western).

   Infallibility, according to its definition does not only extend to 
the doctrines it also extends to the laws of the Church.  And, since 
the Roman Catholic Church insists that no decree spoken with 
infallibility can be changed, it is only logical to assume that, when 
those laws were changed regarding the eternal destiny of a soul because 
of some alleged sin, the irreformable theory can only be held invalid.

   This concept of infallibility must be tested then against any 
changes in Church law whereby the eternal destiny of the believer is 
altered simply because all such laws pertain to morality as defined by 
the Church at a given moment in time.  The doctrine of infallibility 
does not allow for any such changes.  Yet no Catholic will deny that 
such changes have taken place.  Remember now, that these changes I am 
speaking about are only relative to laws that affect the eternal 
destiny of the soul; not the laws of ritual or any other 
inconsequential rules.  The Roman Catholic Church rightfully omits 
those laws from consideration on infallibility.

   It isn't that the Pope is the immediate author of infallibility 
that is the issue.  It is that only the Pope can be infallible; and 
that he is infallible on his own merit apart from inspiration by the 
Holy Spirit.  On one hand it is to say that it's because of the Holy 
Spirit that the Pope is infallible and on the other hand that the Pope 
is the immediate author of infallibility and not God.

   This contradiction in terms must be dealt with honestly because it 
is a definite allusion to the possibility of supernatural power being  
the property of a human being without crediting God's help.  I'm sure 
most Roman Catholics would deny such a teaching.  Yet, according to one 
of the official publications of the Catholic Church this is true.*

   Finally, without belaboring the point, I refer you to the Prologue 
of this writing to refresh your memory on the teaching of Boniface III 
that, without submission to the Roman Pontiff there can be no 
salvation.  That was Church doctrine which, according to the Church, 
cannot change.  Yet Vatican II has recently overridden that doctrine 
and said that non-Catholics who are baptized and even non-Christians 
can have salvation even thought they do not have the fullness of faith 
because they have not submitted to the authority of the Pope.

   As I said, I don't wish to belabor the point and I feel that this 
evidence is sufficient to refute any such teaching that the Roman 
Pontiff is the only source of God's revelation which can be considered 
infallible.

   The truth is that God will reveal His truth to all of His children 
who are obedient and seeking with an honest heart.  But that truth will 
always be based upon His unchanging Word and can never be contradictory 
to that Word.

   Every Christian must hold to John's warning in 1 John 4: "Beloved, 
do not trust every spirit, but put the spirits to a test to see if they 
belong to God, because many false prophets have appeared in the world.  
This is how you can recognize God's Spirit: every spirit that 
acknowledges Jesus Christ come in the flesh belongs to God, while every 
spirit that fails to acknowledge him does not belong to God."

   This seems simple enough until you realize that there are many 
false teachers today who acknowledge that the man Jesus did live almost 
tow thousand years ago in the flesh.  But the word "Christ" or 
"Anointed One," (Greek) is the same as the Hebrew "Messiah."  It is in 
this name that the fullness of Jesus' nature and mission on earth are 
contained.  Anyone speaking through the Spirit of God will acknowledge 
that Jesus, the only begotten Son of God came in the flesh as a man to 
do the will of His Father in reconciling the sinful man to Himself 
through His atonement on the Cross and His resurrection from the dead 
in His glorified body.

   But there is more to it than even this.  Since the Messiah is the 
Word of God (John 1) who became flesh, He must necessarily be God 
Himself and, therefore unchangeable (Malachi 3:1).  Since the Word of 
God does not change then the manifestation of that Word through His 
written, inspired Word is unchangeable.  Consequently, any teaching 
which is not in conformity to the written Word of God or which adds to 
or subtracts from that written Word is not of the Spirit of God.

   Therefore, the laws of the Roman Catholic Church which put 
conditions for salvation upon the individual other than what the 
written Word of God puts upon them (namely, justification by faith in 
Christ alone), are invalid laws and, regardless of the claim of 
infallibility in proclaiming those laws, they need not be adhered to.  
It's especially an imposition upon the individual to say that, 
depending upon when in history or where on the face of the earth he 
happen to live, his adherence to those laws will determine whether he 
may inherit the promise that God has for him if he will only obey the 
laws according to his faith in Christ as already revealed in the 
written Word, the Bible.

   * Vatican II (LG 25), The Catholic Encyclopedia, page 292-293.

   THE SACRIFICE

   OF THE MASS

   DOGMA
   BASIS FOR BELIEF: TRADITION
   TIMES MENTIONED IN SCRIPTURE: NONE

   		THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH TEACHES:

   Definition:

   The Sacrifice of the Mass is really the holy and living representation 
and at the same time the unbloody and efficacious oblation of the Lord's 
Passion and that blood-stained sacrifice which was offered for us on the cross.

   	  The Catholic Encyclopedia / Nelson - page 375

   Teachings:

   Christ's own association of what he did at the Last Supper with 
what he was to do on Good Friday has been the Church's own norm for 
intimately relating the two.  The sacrifice of the altar, then, is no 
mere empty commemoration of Calvary, but a true and proper act of 
sacrifice, whereby Christ the high priest by an unbloody immolation 
offers himself a most acceptable victim to the eternal Father, as he 
did on the cross.  "It is one and the same victim; the same person now 
offers it by the ministry of his priests, who then offered himself on 
the cross.  Only the manner of offering is different."

   The priest is the same, namely, Jesus Christ, whose divine person 
the human minister represents at the altar.  "By reason of his 
ordination, he is made like the high priest and possesses the power of 
performing actions in virtue of Christ's very person."  (Canon 9)

   The victim is also the same, namely, the Saviour in his human 
nature with his true body and blood.  Worth stressing is that what 
makes the Mass a sacrifice is that Christ is a living human being with 
a human will, still capable of offering (hence priest) and being 
offered (hence victim), no less truly today than occurred on the cross.
The Catholic Catechism / Doubleday - pages 465, 466

   		ROMAN CATHOLIC SCRIPTURAL REFERENCES:

   Matthew 26:26 - 28

   During the meal Jesus took bread, blessed it, broke it, and gave it 
to his disciples.  "Take this and eat it," he said, "this is my body."  
Then he took a cup, gave thanks, and gave it to them.  "All of you must 
drink from it," he said, "for this is my blood, the blood of the 
covenant, to be poured out in behalf of many for the forgiveness of 
sins."

   Mark 14:22 - 24

   During the meal he took bread, blessed and broke it, and gave it to 
them.  "Take this," he said, "this is my body."  He likewise took a 
cup, gave thanks and passed it to them, and they all drank from it.  He 
said to them: "This is my blood, the blood of the covenant, to be 
poured out on behalf of many."

   Luke 22:19, 20

   Then, taking bread and giving thanks, he broke it and gave it to 
them, saying: "This is my body to be given for you.  Do this as a 
remembrance of me."

   He did the same with the cup after eating, saying as he did so: 
"This cup is the new covenant in my blood, which will be shed for you."

   1 Corinthians 11:23 - 26

   I received from the Lord what I handed on to you, namely, that the 
Lord Jesus on the night in which he was betrayed took bread, and after 
he had given thanks, broke it and said, "This is my body, which is for 
you.  Do this in remembrance of me."  In the same way, after the super, 
he took the cup, saying, "This cup is the new covenant in my blood.  Do 
this, whenever you drink it, in remembrance of me."  Every time, then, 
you eat this bread and drink this cup, you proclaim the death of the 
Lord until he comes!

   1 Corinthians 10:16, 17

   Is not the cup of blessing we bless a sharing in the blood of 
Christ?  And is not the bread we break a sharing in the body of Christ?  
Because the loaf of bread is one, we, many though we are, are one body, 
for we all partake of the one loaf.

   		COMMENTS ON SCRIPTURAL REFERENCES ABOVE:

   All of these Scriptures say pretty much the same thing and they all 
relate to the last supper activity and words of Jesus.  There are no other 
Scriptures upon which the Roman Catholic Church bases so important a 
doctrine as this, that the Mass is the actual sacrifice of the cross being 
re-enacted in an unbloody manner, not merely a symbolic re-enactment of that 
sacrifice, being offered through the priest.

   The question arises as to why such a sacrifice is necessary.  If Jesus' 
death on the Cross was the fulfillment of His role as sacrificial Lamb for 
the penalty and guilt of sin, why do we need further sacrifices?

   That question can best be answered by Scripture itself, taking into 
consideration that nowhere in the Bible is such a continuing sacrifice 
spoken of.  Quite the contrary as we shall see.

   SCRIPTURAL REFERENCES TO REFUTE THE SACRIFICE OF THE MASS

   Hebrews 7:22 - 27

   Thus has Jesus become the guarantee of a better covenant.  Under 
the old covenant there were many priests because they were prevented by 
death from remaining in office; but Jesus, because he remains forever, 
has a priesthood which does not pass away.  Therefore he is always able 
to save those who approach God through him, since he forever lives to 
make intercession for them.

   It was fitting that we should have such a high priest: holy, 
innocent, undefiled, separated from sinners, higher than the heavens.  
Unlike the other high priests, he has no need to offer sacrifice say 
after day, first for his own sins and then for those of the people; he 
did that once for all when he offered himself.

   Hebrews 9:11 - 15

   But when Christ came as high priest of the good thins which have 
come to be, he entered once for all into the sanctuary, passing 
through the greater and more perfect tabernacle not made by hands, that 
is, not belonging to this creation.  He entered, not with the blood of 
goats and calves, but with his own blood, and achieved eternal 
redemption.

   For if the blood of goats and bulls and the sprinkling of a 
heifer's ashes can sanctify those who are defiled so that their flesh 
is cleansed, how much more will the blood of Christ, who through the 
eternal spirit offered himself up unblemished to God, cleanse our 
consciences from dead works to worship the living God!

   Hebrews 9:24 - 28

   For Christ did not enter into a sanctuary made by hands, a mere 
copy of the true one; he entered heaven itself that he might appear 
before God now on our behalf.  Not that he might offer himself there 
again and again, as the high priest enters year after year into the 
sanctuary with blood that is not his own; if that were so, he would 
have had to suffer death over and over form the creation of the world.  
But now he has appeared at the end of the ages to take away sins once 
for all by his sacrifice.  Just as it is appointed that men die once to 
take away sin but to bring salvation to those who eagerly await him.

   Hebrews 10:10 - 20

   By this "will," (of God) we have been sanctified through the 
offering of the body of Jesus Christ once for all.  Every other priest 
stands ministering day by day, and offering again and again those same 
sacrifices which can never take away sins.  But Jesus offered one 
sacrifice for sins and took his seat forever at the right hand of God; 
now he waits until his enemies are placed beneath his feet.  By one 
offering he has forever perfected those who are being sanctified.  The 
Holy Spirit attests this to us, for after saying,

   "This is the covenant I will make with them after those days says 
the Lord: I will put my laws in their hearts and I will write them on 
their minds,"

   he also says,

   Their sins and their transgressions I will remember no more."
Once these have been forgiven, there is no further offering for sin.

   			 FINAL COMMENT:

   The Apostle Paul was very careful to reiterate several times, the lack 
of need for continual sacrifices.  This particular letter was written to 
the Hebrew Christians because they needed to be reassured that the previous 
sacrifices of animals were no longer necessary.  He pointed out that, once 
Jesus paid the price for our sins there was not other price to be paid; by 
the Lord (as priest) or by anyone else.

   As our high priest today He performs the function of mediation for us 
before the throne of God as we simply come to Him in faith accepting what 
He has done for us.  Why do we need to attach provisions to His wonderful 
grace?  The Word of God speaks so plainly here, why argue?

   There is more crucial matter to be considered here.  Every time the 
"sacrifice" of the Mass is being offered it is a denial of the finished 
work of the Cross.  To say that Jesus must be offered up to God thousands 
of times every day, all over the world, is to nullify a professed belief in 
the sacrifice on Calvary.  It is saying that Jesus' actual death on the 
cross is no more than a dry-run for all those that follow on the altars of 
Roman Catholic Churches everywhere.

   Roman Catholic claims to the contrary, it says that the Lord's actual 
death wasn't enough.

   Please, dear reader, don't close your mind to this.  I realize that 
these pages don't contain pleasant reading for you if you consider yourself 
a devout Catholic as I once did.  But there is so much at stake here.

   God wants us to come to Him in simple faith, accepting His Word as the 
basis for that faith.  When the traditions and philosophies of men encroach 
upon the simply stated truths contained in Scripture, the issues cannot 
help but become clouded.

   This is why I urge you to search the Scriptures diligently to test the 
things that are written here.  Don't take any man's word for God's truth no 
matter how impressive his titles and seminary training might be.  No one is 
infallible when it comes to state truth other than when he is led by the 
Holy Spirit.  But how can one know if the Holy Spirit is the one who is 
speaking unless he tests that spirit against the written Word of God which 
was given to us for that purpose.

   You must even test my words.  I earnestly implore you to.  Realize this 
as you do so: that everyone who has the Spirit of God in him has the 
ability to decipher truth from error if his heart is truly open to God to 
receive instruction.

   The first question you must ask yourself, if you are honest, is, do I 
have the Spirit of God living in me?  If you don't know the answer to this 
question, then chances are excellent that you don't.

   If you wish to know the truth in all these matters and you also wish 
to draw closer to God, then it is necessary that you accept His sacrifice 
on the cross as the full and complete atonement for your sins.  Repent, 
once and for all, of your sins and ask the Lord to give you His Holy Spirit 
so that you can be assured of eternal life.  It is His Spirit living in us 
that quickens our spirits and makes them alive to God.

   From that point on it's a matter of living daily for Him and searching 
the Scriptures to learn His will for your own life.

   There is freedom in Christ which has been denied us all as long as we 
remain subject to the dictates of men who impose upon us the restriction of 
religious tradition.

   Consider this: You must do more than believe that God's truths are 
real.  You must accept them for yourself personally.  As the Lord said, Do 
you believe?  You do well.  But the devils also believe and they tremble.

   To know about God is one thing.  To know Him personally is quite 
another.  One may say that he knows about the wealthiest man in all the 
world.  But until he is adopted by that man as an heir, he can't really 
appropriate the benefits attached to sonship.  God has offered us a way to 
enter into His blessings by providing a one-time sacrifice for all of our 
transgressions.  When we speak of grace we know that we are speaking of 
god's unmerited favor.  Therefore, if salvation is by grace, what can we do 
to earn it?  None of us can pay the price of so great a gift.

   But God so loved the world that He gave us His only begotten Son, that 
whoever believes in Him should not perish but have everlasting life.

   Believe it.  Accept it.  And bear with me as we carry on.

   			TRANSUBSTANTIATION

   DOGMA
   DECLARED BY POPE INNOCENT III - 1215 AD
   BASIS FOR BELIEF: TRADITION & INTERPRETATION OF MARK 14:22-25
   TIMES MENTIONED IN SCRIPTURE: NONE

   		THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH TEACHES:

   Definition:

   Transubstantiation - The way Christ is made present in this 
sacrament (Holy Eucharist) is none other than by the change of the 
whole substance of the bread into His body, and of the whole substance 
of the wine into His blood...this unique and wonderful change the 
Catholic Church rightfully calls transubstantiation.  (Encyclical 
"Mysterium Fidei" of Pope Paul VI - Sept.3, 1965)  The first official 
use of the term was made by the Fourth Council of the Lateran in 1215 
AD.  Authoritative teaching on the subject was issued by the Council of 
Trent.  This change takes place at the consecration of the Mass.  
Although it is not perceptible to the senses, it is commonly called a 
miracle.
1979 Catholic Almanac - page 387

   Teachings:

   When Catholic Christianity affirms, without qualification, that "in 
the nourishing sacrament of the Holy Eucharist, after the consecration 
of the bread and wine, our Lord Jesus Christ, true God and true man," 
is present "under the appearances of those sensible things," it rests 
its faith on the words of Scripture and the evidence of Sacred 
Tradition.

   The Catholic Catechism / Doubleday - page 458

   The first serious ripples of controversy came in the ninth century, 
when a monk from the French Abby of Corbie wrote against his abbot, St. 
Paschasius (785-860).  Ratramnus (d. 868) held that Christ's body in 
the Eucharist cannot be the same as Christ's historical body once on 
earth and now in heaven because the Eucharistic body is invisible, 
impalpable, and spiritual.  He wanted to hold on to the Real Presence 
but stressed the Eucharist as symbolic rather than corporeal.  His book 
on the subject was condemned by the Synod of Vercelli, and his ideas, 
it is held, influenced all subsequent theories that contradicted the 
traditional teaching of the Church.

   Within two centuries the issue had reached such a point of gravity 
that a formal declaration was evoked from the Holy See.  In 1079, 
Archdeacon Berengar of Tours who favored Ratramnus' position and wrote 
against what he considered the excessive realism of Paschasius, was 
required by (Pope) Gregory VII to accept the following declaration of 
faith in the Eucharistic presence:

   I believe in my heart and openly profess that the bread and 
wine placed upon the altar are, by the mystery of the sacred prayer 
and the words of the Redeemer, substantially changed into the true 
and life-giving flesh and blood of Jesus Christ our Lord, and that 
after the consecration, there is present the true body of Christ 
which was born of the Virgin and, offered up for the salvation of 
the world, hung on the cross and now sits at the right hand of the 
Father, and that there is present the true blood of Christ which 
flowed from his side.  They are present not only by means of a sign 
and of the efficacy of the sacrament, but also in the very reality 
and truth of their nature and substance.

   Catholic Catechism / Doubleday - page 461

   Responding to the claims of merely symbolic or spiritual presence, 
the Church condemned "anyone who denies that the body and blood, 
together with the soul and divinity, of our Lord Jesus Christ and, 
therefore, the whole Christ is truly, really, and substantially 
contained in the sacrament of the Holy Eucharist, but says that Christ 
is present in the sacrament only as a sign, or figure, or by his 
power."

   The expression "whole Christ" proved to be decisive.  Since the 
whole Christ is present in the fullness of his divine and human 
natures, this implies that he is present under the sacramental 
appearances with the totality of his divine attributes as well as his 
human properties.  He is therefore in the Eucharist also with the 
essence of those dimensional features that we commonly associate with a 
living human being.  The explanation of how these physical properties 
are possible is part of theological speculation but the fact is a 
matter of faith.
Catholic Catechism / Doubleday - page 462

   There was no dependence on Aristotelian philosophy in the Church's 
use of words like "substance" or "transubstantiation."  Long before 
either term had become commonplace in the West, the East spoke 
regularly of the ousia or being of the bread and wine, which were 
changed into the ousia or being of Christ.  The which constitutes bread 
and wine, in virtue of the sacramental consecration, ceased to be bread 
and wine and became the reality of the whole Christ.  What alone 
remained were the species, i.e., appearances or external properties of 
what looked and tasted like bread and wine but were now the living body 
and blood of the Savior.

   Given this perdurance of Christ's presence as long as the species 
remain, it was only logical for the Church to worship the Blessed 
Sacrament as it would the person of Jesus himself.  As a result, he is 
to be adored "in the holy sacrament of the Eucharist with the worship 
of latria, including the external worship."  Concretely this means that 
the Blessed Sacrament is to be "honored with extraordinary festive 
celebrations" and "solemnly carried from place to place" and "is to be 
publicly exposed for the people's adoration."  (Council of Trent - 
Canons 1 & 3)
The Catholic Catechism / Doubleday - pages 462, 463

   	        ROMAN CATHOLIC SCRIPTURAL REFERENCES:

   Mark 14:22-25

   During the meal he took bread, blessed and broke it, and gave it 
to them.  "Take this," he said, "this is my body."  He likewise took a 
cup, gave thanks and passed it to them, and they all drank from it.  He 
said to them:  "This is my blood, the blood of the covenant, to be 
poured out on behalf of many.  I solemnly assure you, I will never 
again drink of the fruit of the vine until the day when I drink it new 
in the reign of God."

   John 6:48-58

   I am the bread of life.  Your ancestors ate manna in the dessert, 
but they died.  This is the bread that comes down from heaven for a man 
to eat and never die.  I myself am the living bread come down from 
heaven.  If anyone eats this bread he shall live forever; the bread I 
will give is my flesh, for the life of the world."
At this the Jews quarreled among themselves, saying "How can he 
give us his flesh to eat?"  Thereupon Jesus said to them:  "Let me 
solemnly assure you, if you do not eat the flesh of the Son of Man and 
drink his blood, you have no life in you.  He who feeds on my flesh and 
drinks my blood has life eternal, and I will raise him up on the last 
day.  For my flesh is real food and my blood real drink.  The man who 
feeds on my flesh and drinks my blood remains in me, and I in him.  
Just as the Father who has life sent me and I have life because of the 
Father, so the man who feeds on me will have life because of me.  This 
is the bread that came down from heaven.  Unlike your ancestors who ate 
and died nonetheless, the man who feeds on this bread shall live 
forever."
He said this in a synagogue instruction at Capernaum.

   		COMMENTS ON SCRIPTURAL REFERENCES ABOVE:

   The best thing to share here is to point out the continuation of the 
Gospel of John discourse on the Lord being the bread from heaven.  In the 
very next verses we read:

   "After hearing his words, many of his disciples remarked, "This 
sort of talk is hard to endure:  How can anyone take it seriously?"
Jesus was fully aware that his disciples were murmuring in protest 
at what he had said.  "Does it shake your faith?" he asked them.
"What then, if you were to see the Son of Man ascend to where he 
was before...?  It is the spirit that gives life; the flesh is useless.  
The words I spoke to you are spirit and life.

   Jesus Himself stated that He was speaking in a spiritual sense; that we 
must eat of Him spiritually not physically because the flesh itself is 
worthless.  Yet, we see how the previous verses were taken out of context 
and an important doctrine built upon them  even to the point of stating 
that the Roman Catholic Church condemns anyone who does not agree with 
their interpretation.

   Let's be totally objective here because, if one uses a particular rule 
of interpretation to state that the Lord is speaking literally in a 
specific verse of Scripture then he must use the same rule of 
interpretation for the rest of that verse.  That's only logical and fair 
the the Scripture itself.

   It is obvious that Jesus, when He said, "This is my body" did not say 
"This has become my body."  Since He was in His body at the time then He 
couldn't have been in the piece of bread.  And since His blood was flowing 
through His veins, it couldn't be in the cup.  If we were to apply such a 
definition absolutely, then we must take the rest of His statement in the 
same manner.  In Luke 22:20 the same event is described in more detail and 
the words are repeated almost verbatim in I Corinthians 11:25:

   He did the same with the cup after eating, saying as He did so:  

   "This cup is the new covenant in my blood, which will be shed for you."

   Using this more complete account of what the Lord said, we ask the 
question, "Was the bread His body?"  Therefore we may honestly ask, "Was 
the cup the new covenant?"  If so, what happened to this new covenant when 
the cup was lost?  Without that cup, we have no new covenant.  Of course, 
the cup was symbolic of the new covenant which would be ushered in after 
the Lord spilled His blood for our redemption and, by His resurrection, 
opened the door for full fellowship with God as before the fall of Adam.

   We must likewise apply the rule of consistency to the verses that recall 
the Lord's words about His being the living bread.  Now, consider for a 
moment:  Was the Lord a piece of bread at the time He made that statement?  
Which will; it be - Is Jesus bread or is a piece of bread Jesus?  According 
to this reference which the Church uses to teach transubstantiation, the 
Lord was bread.  Therefore, His disciples could have bitten into Him and 
swallowed a piece of bread.  Ridiculous?  Of course.

   But He said it and if it were to be taken literally instead of 
spiritually then we can just as easily conclude that His flesh was made of 
dough as we can conclude that a piece of dough is His flesh.

   We must also then consider that Jesus was a rock, a tree, a vine, a 
star, etc., for there are many passages of Scripture which speak of Him in 
those terms and even by His own words.

   If you are a Roman Catholic I urge you not to close your eyes to the 
very important point.  The reason will follow.

   SCRIPTURAL REFERENCES TO REFUTE THE DOCTRINE OF TRANSUBSTANTIATION:

   John 6:59-63

   Quoted above.

   Luke 22:18

   I tell you, from now on I will not drink of the fruit of the vine 
until the coming of the reign of God."

   			    FINAL COMMENT:

   When Jesus said that He wouldn't drink of the fruit of the vine again 
until the kingdom of God was established, He acknowledged that it was still 
wine that was in the cup because that is what the fruit of the vine is.  It 
certainly isn't blood.  The substance was unchanged after He had pronounced 
His "consecration."

   Now, why is it so serious to consider the Roman Catholic sacrament of 
the Holy Eucharist as unworthy of participation by true Christians?  In 
light of Roman Catholic teachings that it must be worshiped even as the 
Lord Jesus Himself is worshiped, it must be classed as idolatry.

   Why do I use such strong words?  Because, if we really analyze this 
doctrine aside from traditional teachings of the Church, we will see that 
it is telling us that a piece of bread is actually God.

   Before we throw that off as nonsense, remember that the Church also 
justifies its position on Mary as the Mother of God on the basis that 
Jesus is God and she is His mother - therefore she is the Mother of God.  
It is no more unreasonable to use that same rationale to assume then that 
the piece of bread is God if it is, according to Roman Catholic teaching, 
the very person of Jesus Christ.

   Remember to, that "anyone who denies it as the body and blood, together 
with the soul and divinity of our Lord Jesus Christ: stands condemned.  
This means that all Christians who are not Roman Catholics are damned 
because they don't accept this teaching.  It, in itself, is a contradiction 
of the stand of Vatican II on the position of non-Catholic Christians.

   Because the concept of "transubstantiation" is essential the the 
sacrifice of the Mass, the two are unalterably linked together and, should 
one be found false then they mush both be found false.  That being the 
case, even the concept of "transubstantiation," if it is adhered to, 
nullifies the professed faith in the atonement of Jesus Christ on the 
Cross.  It too, as does the Mass, tells us that that atonement wasn't 
enough.  To say that is to deny the essential doctrine of atonement.  This 
is true regardless of whether or not one states that belief.  Can I say 
that I have accepted the sacrifice of Jesus on the Cross for my sins in a 
true sense if I still hold reservations about needing to add my own works 
through vicariously offering sacrifices to supplement the original 
sacrifice?

   			      PURGATORY

   DOGMA
   PROPOSED BY POPE GREGORY I - 593 AD
   DECLARED DOGMA BY THE COUNCIL OF FLORENCE - 1439 AD
   TIMES MENTIONED IN SCRIPTURE: NONE

   		    THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH TEACHES:

   Definition:

   Purgatory - The state or condition in which those who have died in 
the state of grace, but with some attachment to sin, suffer for a time 
before they are admitted to the glory and happiness of heaven.  In this 
state  and period of passive suffering, they are purified of unrepented 
venial sins, satisfy the demands of divine justice for temporal 
punishment due for sins, and are thus converted to a state of 
worthiness of the beatific vision.
1979 Catholic Almanac - page 379

   Teachings:

   Catholicism believes there is still the prospect for expiation (not 
repentance) called purgatory because its function is to purify those 
who die in God's friendship but are not fully cleansed of the effects 
of their sins.

   The Catholic Catechism / Doubleday - page 254

   The Benedictine constitution states that "We, with our apostolic 
authority, make the following definition," and then goes on to declare 
that the souls of the just, who die in God's friendship, "soon after 
death and, in the case of those who need it, after purification, have 
been, are, and will be in heaven."

   The Catholic Catechism / Doubleday - page 257

   If those who are truly repentant die in charity before they have 
done sufficient penance for their sins of omission and commission, 
their souls are cleansed after death in purgatorial or cleansing 
punishments.

   The suffrages of the faithful on earth can be of great help in 
relieving these punishments, as for instance, the Sacrifice of the 
Mass, prayers, almsgiving, and other religious deeds which, in the 
manner of the Church, the faithful are accustomed to offer for others 
of the faithful.
Decree - 2nd Council of Lyons - 1274 AD

   	     ROMAN CATHOLIC SCRIPTURAL REFERENCES:

   2nd Maccabees 12:41-45 (Old Testament Apocryphal book)

   All then blessed the ways of the Lord, the just judge who brings 
hidden things to light, and gave themselves to prayer, begging that the 
sin committed might be fully blotted out.  Next, the valiant Judas 
urged the people to keep themselves free from all sin, having seen with 
their own eyes the effect of the sin on those who had fallen.

   After this he took a collection from them individually amounting to 
nearly two thousand drachmae, and sent it to Jerusalem to have a 
sacrifice for sin offered, an altogether fine and noble action, in 
which he took full account of the resurrection.  For if he had not 
expected the fallen to rise again it would have been superfluous and 
foolish to pray for the dead.  Whereas if he had in view the splendid 
recompense for those who make a pious end, the thought was holy and 
devout.  This is why he had this atonement sacrifice offered for the 
dead, so that they might be released from their sin."

   Matthew 12:32

   Whoever says anything against the Son of Man will be forgiven, but 
whoever says anything against the Holy Spirit will not be forgiven, 
either in this age or the age to come."

   1 Corinthians 3:10-15

   Thanks to God showed me I laid a foundation as a wise master-
builder might do, and now someone else is building upon it.  Everyone, 
however, must be careful how he builds.  No one can lay a foundation 
other than the one that has been laid, namely Jesus Christ.  If 
different ones build on this foundation with gold, silver, precious 
stones, wood, hay or straw, the work of each will be made clear.  The 
Day will disclose it.  That day will make its appearance with fire, and 
fire will test the quality of each man's work.  If the building a man 
has raised on this foundation still stands, he will receive his 
recompense: if a man's building burns, he will suffer loss.  He himself 
will be saved, but only as one fleeing through fire."

   		COMMENTS ON SCRIPTURAL REFERENCES ABOVE:

   2nd Maccabees 12:41-45

   The Book of Maccabees is a portion of the apocryphal books which 
are held to be inspired Scripture only be the Roman Catholic Church.  
As part of their Old Testament, they were never recognized as the 
inspired Scriptures by the Jewish theologians of old and they are the 
only books never referred to by any of the New Testament writers or by 
any person spoken of in the New Testament. 

   Even if they could be proven to be the inspired Word of God (which 
they cannot), they would still be part of the Old Covenant dispensation 
and, since Jesus, through His death, burial and resurrection, put an 
end to the curse of sin for all believers, the destiny of the souls of 
the faithful departed has been altered from those who merely had the 
hope of the first resurrection along with the Messiah (Jesus).

   Mathew 12:32

   This Scripture can only be emphasizing the severity of sinning 
against God's Holy Spirit.  Even the Catholic Church teaches that sins 
cannot be forgiven after death.  Purgatory is supposed to cleanse only 
from the penalty of death due to sins already forgiven.  When Jesus 
said "either in this age or in the age to come" the key word is "age."  
He didn't say either in this life of after death.  This age is the age 
of grace whereby we are forgiven as a result of our faith in the 
atoning work of the Cross.  The next age will be the millennial reign of 
Christ whereby He, along with His saints, will rule the nations with a 
rod of iron.  During that age as even now, the sin of blasphemy against 
the Holy Spirit will not be forgiven.

   To quote this Scripture as proof of purgatory is illogical and 
contradictory.

   1 Corinthians 3:10-15

   These passages speak of the value of our works for rewards.  It is 
the quality of our work which will be tried as by fire, not we 
ourselves.  Our trial is on earth to see if we will live righteously 
before God.

   According to this Scripture, all that we have built, if it is on 
any weak foundation, will be burned.  It says nothing of punishment but 
only that whatever is not done for Christ will be destroyed. 

   The Day (capital D) is the name commonly given in Scripture for the 
Great Day of the Lord which will be the time of His coming again to the 
earth in order to restore it unto Himself.  At that time all the works 
of men will be judged whether they are acceptable to God or not.  If 
they are found to be wanting in their quality they will not stand for 
rewards but will be as chaff to be burned up.  Even though all the 
works of a man may be burned, the man himself may be saved if he has 
the covering of the blood of Jesus Christ and His worthiness according 
to faith.

   He will stand destitute of rewards though, as one fleeing through a 
fire and losing all of his possessions.

   To use this Scripture as a proof of purgatory is to say then that 
the Day of the Lord is when purgatory will be in effect: not today.  
This is not what the Roman Catholic Church teaches.  It teaches that 
purgatory is real today.

   		SCRIPTURAL REFERENCES TO REFUTE
   		   THE DOCTRINE OF PURGATORY:

   The following Scriptures tell us of the confidence we have in the 
complete atonement for our sins by Jesus Christ.  They offer proof 
that, once our sins are forgiven, they are never remembered by God.

   Psalm 103:12,13

   As far as the east is from the west, so far has he put our 
transgressions from us.  As a father has compassion on his children, so 
the Lord has compassion on those who fear him.

   1 John 1:9

   But if we acknowledge our sins, he who is just can be trusted to 
forgive our sins and cleanse us from every wrong.

   Romans 8:1

   There is no condemnation now for those who are in Christ Jesus.

   Acts 13:38,39

   You must realize, my brothers, that it is through him (Jesus) that 
the forgiveness of sins is being proclaimed to you, including the 
remission of all those charges you could never be acquitted of under 
the law of Moses.  In him every believer is acquitted.

   Romans 3:21-28

   But now the justice of God has been manifested apart from the law, 
even though both law and prophets bear witness to it - that justice of 
God which works through faith in Jesus Christ for all who believe.  All 
men have sinned and are deprived of the glory of God.  All men are now 
undeservedly justified by the gift of God, through the redemption 
wrought in Christ Jesus.  Through this blood, God made him the means of 
expiation for all who believe.  He did so to manifest his own justice, 
for the sake of remitting sins committed in the past - to manifest his 
justice in the present, by way of forbearance, so that he might be just 
and might justify those who believe in Jesus.

   What occasion is there for boasting?  It is ruled out.  By what 
law, the law or works?  Not at all!  By the law of faith.  For we hold 
that a man is justified by faith apart from observance of the law.

   Romans 5:1-2

   Now that we have been justified by faith, we are at peace with God 
through our Lord Jesus Christ.  Through him we have gained access by 
faith to the grace in which we now stand, and we boast of our hope for 
the glory of God.

   Romans 5:9

   Now that we have been justified by his blood, it is all the more 
certain that we shall be saved by Him from God's wrath.

   Romans 5:15-19

   But the gift is not like the offense.  For if by the offense of the 
one man (Adam) all died, much more did the grace of God and the 
gracious gift of the one man, Jesus Christ abound for all.  The gift is 
entirely different from the sin committed by the one man.  In the first 
case, the sentence followed upon one offense and brought condemnation, 
but in the second, the gift came after many offenses and brought 
acquittal.  If death began its reign through one man because of his 
offense, much more shall those who receive the overflowing grace and 
gift of justice live and reign through the one man, Jesus Christ.

   To sum it up, then: just as a single offense brought condemnation 
to all men, a single righteous act brought all men acquittal and life.  
Just as through one man's disobedience all became sinners, so through 
one man's obedience all shall become just..

   Titus 3:5-8

   But when the kindness and love of God our Saviour appeared, He 
saved us; not because of any righteous deeds we had done, but because 
of His mercy.  He saved us through the baptism of the new birth and 
renewal by the Holy Spirit.  This Spirit He lavished on us through 
Jesus Christ our Saviour, that we might be justified by His grace and 
become heirs, in hope, of eternal life.  You can depend on this to be 
true.

   Philippians 1:21 & 23

   For, to me, "life" means Christ; hence dying is so much gain.  

   I am strongly attracted to both: I long to be freed from this life 
and to be with Christ, for that is the far better thing.

   Hebrews 10:14-18

   By one offering He (Jesus) has forever perfected those who are 
being sanctified.  The Holy Spirit attests this to us, for after 
saying.

   "This is the covenant I will make with them after those days, says 
the Lord: I will put my laws in their hearts and I will write them on 
their minds."
He also says,

   "Their sins and their transgressions I will remember no more."

   Once these have been forgiven, there is no further offering for 
sin.

   			FINAL COMMENT:

   This doctrine of a place called "Purgatory" rests heavily upon 
tradition which, I realize, the Roman Catholic Church places on an equal 
level with the Scriptures.  The problem with this doctrine, however, is 
that it actually nullifies the professed belief in the atoning work of the 
Cross.

   It says that Jesus suffered, bled and died a cruel death for our sins, 
but that His sacrifice wasn't enough.  The punishment for those sins must 
still be dealt with by horrible suffering akin to a temporary lake of fire.

   To profess belief in Purgatory is to cast scorn upon the Lord's 
sacrifice which was a perfect offering to satisfy God's justice.

   Was it, or wasn't it?

   What you choose to believe is your responsibility.  Whether or not you 
accept His atonement (payment, full and complete) for your sins will 
determine whether or not you have any forgiveness at all.

   I don't ask you to accept my determination on the matter.  What I do 
ask is that you search the Scriptures with an open heart and devoid of 
human traditions which could cloud proper understanding.

   		THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION OF MARY

   DOGMA
   DECLARED BY POPE PIUS IX - 1854 AD
   BASIS FOR BELIEF: TRADITION
   TIMES MENTIONED IN SCRIPTURE: NONE

   	         THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH TEACHES:

   Definition:

   Immaculate conception - This is the privilege and the singular 
grace that divine omnipotence bestowed upon the Blessed Virgin Mary to 
preserve her from original sin by infusing into her soul sanctifying 
grace from the very instant of conception in the womb of her mother, 
St. Anne.  Through this, Mary, who was to be the Blessed Mother of the 
Son of God, was conceived in the state of holiness and justice.  This 
effect, caused by the act of God, resulted in her being free of the 
consequences of original sin, such as the slavery to the devil, 
subjection to concupiscence, and darkness of the intellect.  Further, 
Mary was not subject to the law of suffering and death, which are 
penalties of the sin of human nature, even though she knew these, 
experienced them, and endured them for our salvation.  The dogma of 
the Immaculate Conception was defined for the Universal Church's belief 
by Pius IX, Dec. 8, 1854, as follows:  "We declare, announce, and 
define that the doctrine which states that the Blessed Virgin Mary 
was preserved, in the first instant of her conception,, by a singular 
grace and privilege of God Omnipotent and because of the merits of 
Jesus Christ the Savior of the human race, free from all stain of 
original sin, is revealed by God and must be believed firmly and with 
constancy by all the faithful."

   The Catholic Encyclopedia / Nelson - page 285

   Teachings:

   The sinlessness of Christ's mother had been recognized from the 
beginning, but was little dwelled upon except in the writings of the 
Greek and Latin Fathers when they described her perfect holiness and 
compared her with the first woman, Eve.  They spoke of her as "holy, 
innocent, most pure, inviolate, undefiled, immaculate," in a way that 
left no doubt they considered her absolutely without sin.

   The Catholic Catechism / Doubleday - page 151

   	   SCRIPTURAL REFERENCES TO REFUTE THE DOCTRINE OF
 		THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION OF MARY

   Romans 3:23-25

   All men have sinned and are deprived of the glory of God.  All men 
are now undeservedly justified by the gift of God, through the 
redemption wrought in Christ Jesus.  Through his blood, God made him 
the means of expiation for all who believe.

   Luke 11:27,28

   While he was saying this a woman from the crowd called out, "Blest 
is the womb that bore you and the breasts that nursed you!"  "Rather," 
he replied, "blest are they who hear the word of God and keep it."

   Matthew 11:11

   I solemnly assure you, history has not known a man born of woman 
greater than John the Baptizer.  Yet the least born into the kingdom of 
God is greater than he.

   Luke 1:46,47

   Then Mary said:  "My being proclaims the greatness of the Lord, my 
spirit finds joy in God my savior,.."

   Matthew 12:46-50

   He was still addressing the crowds when his mother and his brothers 
appeared outside to speak with him.  Someone said to him, "Your mother 
and your brothers are standing out there and they wish to speak to 
you."  He said to the one who had told him, "Who is my mother?  Who are 
my brothers?"  Then, extending his hand toward his disciples, he said, 
"There are my mother and my brothers.  Whoever does the will of my 
heavenly Father is brother and sister and mother to me."

   Luke 2:48-50

   When his parents saw him they were astonished, and his mother said 
to him:  "Son, why have you done this to us?  You see that your father 
and I have been searching for you in sorrow."  He said to them:  "Why 
did you search for me?  Did you not know I had to be in my Father's 
house?"  But they did not grasp what he said to them.

   COMMENT:

   The most disturbing thing about this doctrine is that, according to the 
pope (Pius IX who defined it, every member of the Church must believe it 
firmly and with constancy (firmness of mind without deviation).  This 
means, by its very definition, that, unless you hold to this doctrine 
which cannot be supported by Scripture, you cannot be a member in good 
standing of the Body of Christ.  Combining this with other teachings of the 
Roman Catholic Church it becomes impossible to attain salvation because you 
would be considered a heretic for denying the teaching authority of the 
Church.

   Consequently your salvation not only rests upon belief in the atonement 
for your sins on the Cross, it must necessarily depend upon your faith in 
Mary's sinlessness.  This in itself should be enough to dissuade a person 
from holding any stock in the authority of men to teach who can so easily 
compromise the essential doctrine of redemption through Jesus Christ 
alone.

   But for those who need proof or at least a reasonable rebuttal to this 
idea of Mary's immaculate conception, let's examine it in light of the 
few Scriptures that I have cited as evidence to the contrary.

   When it says in Romans 3:23 that all men have sinned it doesn't just 
mean the male gender.  In fact, the Roman Catholic New American Bible is 
the only edition that uses the word "men."  All others simply state "all 
have sinned," or somewhat similar renditions.  Nowhere, of course, does it 
say that Mary was any exception.  If this were so important a doctrine, it 
would seem that the Lord would have made mention of it somewhere in His 
revealed Word.

   In Luke 11:27,28 Jesus is definitely saying that everyone who hears the 
word of God and keeps it is blessed even above His own mother.  Her 
blessing was in being chosen as a vessel to bear the human body of the 
Son of God.  That, in itself, made her blessed above all other women.  Yet 
any person, man or woman, can be considered as blessed as Mary if they will 
recognize Jesus Christ as the means of their salvation and live 
accordingly.

   Matthew 11:11 tells us that, in the greater than any other born of 
women.  Here, again, only the New American Bible uses the word "man" where 
all others simply say "none other" or something similar.  Nowhere in the 
original is there any implication that only males are being referred to.  
If this is the case, then we must understand that Jesus is saying that no 
one who had been born up to that time was a greater human than John the 
Baptist.  Naturally the balance of Scripture allows for His own exception 
but it doesn't allow for Mary's.

   In Luke 1:46,47 Mary, by her own words, acknowledges her need for 
salvation because she calls God her savior.  Even God is not a savior to 
anyone who is without sin simply because they would already be enjoying His 
fellowship just as the angels.  One does not need a savior unless he or she 
needs to be saved from something.  The reason mankind needs a savior is to 
release us from the penalty of sin and its influence in our lives.

   Jesus again placed all who will do the will of the Father on an equal 
footing with his mother and his brothers when, in Matthew 12, He pointed to 
his disciples and said that they are His brothers, sisters and mother.  
That means that you can be accounted holy and pure if you will first of all 
accept the salvation that Jesus provided for you by His one time sacrifice 
on the Cross of Calvary and allow the Holy Spirit to gain control of your 
will so that you may be found doing the will of the Father.

   An important aspect of the doctrine of Mary's immaculate conception is 
that she was free of darkness of the intellect because of her sinlessness.  
If this is the case she most certainly would have been able to grasp what 
Jesus was telling her in Luke 2:49 about having to be in His Father's 
house.  Yet Mary was just as puzzled as Joseph in not understanding the 
reasons for His behavior.

   It must be borne in mind that all subsequent doctrines relating to the 
mother of Jesus are inexorably linked to this doctrine.  Her perpetual 
virginity, her assumption into heaven, her position as Mother of God, can 
not stand the test of logic or God's justice if this one doctrine of her 
immaculate conception is not true.

   Whatever you choose to believe you must understand that any doctrine 
that places a human being in a position of special favor with God, by its 
very nature nullifies the professed belief in the atoning work of Jesus on 
the Cross.  In order to have salvation you must receive the gift by faith 
in Him only.  To say that someone, as in this case, can be conceived 
without sin is to say that the cross is meaningless simply because God 
could have created each individual in the same manner thereby avoiding the 
agony of Calvary.  Yet this is contrary to His basic law of justice where 
He says that, "without the shedding of blood there is no forgiveness."  
These words are recorded in Hebrews 9:22.

   		THE ASSUMPTION OF MARY INTO HEAVEN

   DOGMA
   DECLARED BY POPE PIUS XII - 1950 AD
   BASIS FOR BELIEF: TRADITION
   TIMES MENTIONED IN SCRIPTURE: NONE

   		THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH TEACHES:

   Definition:

   Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary - The doctrine of the taking 
up of the body and soul of the Mother of God into heaven after her 
death was an early teaching of the fathers and of special interest to 
all Christians.  Tradition and theological reasoning show that the 
privilege of Assumption was revealed implicitly.  On Nov.1, 1950 Pope 
Pius XII declared the Assumption of the Bless Mother of God a doctrine 
of faith.  The solemnity is celebrated on Aug.15 and is a holy day of 
obligation.

   The feast was celebrated by the Christians of the seventh century, 
based on the Scriptures.  In the O.T., the singularity of the Blessed 
Mother as the "woman" was declared (cf. Gen.3:15) as being through whom 
the redemption would become fulfilled.  The N.T. declares that 
redemption (Lu.1; 1 Jn.3:9) and the Blessed Virgin Mary was "full of 
grace" and could not be perfect as God foretold unless she remained 
incorruptible (cf. 1 Cor.15:54-57).  Pope Alexander III (1159 to 1181) 
wrote: "Mary conceived without detriment to her virginal modesty, 
brought forth her Son without pain, passed hence without decay, 
according to the word of the angel, or rather God speaking by the 
angel, that she might be shown to be full, not half-full, of grace."
The Catholic Encyclopedia / Nelson - page 56

   Teachings:

   Almost as soon as Pius IX defined the dogma of Mary's Immaculate 
Conception, Rome was besieged with petitions for defining her bodily 
Assumption.  It is calculated that from 1870 to 1940, over four hundred 
bishops, eighty thousand priests and religious, and more than eight 
million of the laity had formally signed requests asking for the 
definition.

   As a consequence, on May 1, 1946, Pius XII sent the following 
questionnaire to all the bishops of the Catholic world: "Do you, 
Venerable Brethren, in view of the wisdom and prudence that is yours, 
judge that the bodily Assumption of the Blessed Virgin can be proposed 
and defined as a dogma of faith; and do you, along with your clergy 
and faithful, desire it?"

   Within a few months, the replies received in Rome were "almost 
unanimous" in favor of the definition.  The Pope drew the inevitable 
conclusion from the consent of those whom "the Holy Spirit has placed 
as bishops to rule the Church of God."

   On November 1, 1950, Pius XII answered these requests of the 
Catholic Hierarchy with a solemn definition that "by the authority of 
our Lord Jesus Christ, of the Blessed Apostles Peter and Paul, and by 
Our Own authority, We pronounce, declare, and define as divinely 
revealed dogma: The Immaculate Mother of God, Mary ever Virgin, after 
her life on earth, was assumed, body and soul to the glory of heaven."
(Encyclical Munificentissimus Deus)

   The spontaneous reaction of the faithful was gratitude for the 
exalted honor paid to the Mother of God.  The Pope's own sentiments 
were expressed to the bishops gathered in Rome for the occasion when he 
told them the joy he felt over the proclamation and the assurance it 
gave him that Mary would obtain the graces of which mankind stood in 
such dire need.  On the level of piety and devotion, therefore, Mary's 
Assumption was only the climax in a series of definitions to honor the 
Blessed Virgin, beginning with the divine maternity at Ephesus and 
terminating in the past century with the doctrine of her Immaculate 
Conception.  But dogmatically the Constitution of Munificentissimus 
Deus has a much deeper meaning.

   Pope Pius defined Mary's Assumption as a truth divinely revealed.  
Of the two sources of revelation, theologians commonly say the 
assumption was implicit in Tradition, in spite of the practical absence 
of documentary evidence before A.D. 300.  Yet the Pope finally declared 
that the doctrine was in revelation.  How do we know?  On the answer to 
this question rests a new insight into Christian Tradition that had 
been gaining momentum since the eighteenth century.  Briefly stated, 
Tradition is coming to be identified more  with the Church's 
magisterium or teaching office and less exclusively as the source along 
with Scripture, of the truths of salvation.  Behind this new emphasis 
is a development of dogma since the Council of Trent that reveals 
hidden depths in the Mystical Body of Christ.  The Church is not only 
the guardian of a faith once and for all given to the apostles, but 
expositor of that faith in every age to the end of time.

   In August of the same year that he defined the Assumption, the Pope 
laid down the principles that guided the Marian definition.  The 
Church's teaching authority, he said in Humani Generis, is not 
confined to reflecting or consolidating the past.  It is also, and 
especially, the vital present-day function of an organism animated by 
the Spirit of God.  "Together with the sources of revelation (Scripture 
and tradition) God has given to his Church a living magisterium to 
elucidate and explain what is contained in the deposit of faith only 
obscurity, we may add, is unimportant.  Given this faculty by her 
founder, whose Spirit of truth abides with her at all times, the 
Church can infallibly discern what belongs to revelation no matter how 
cryptic the contents my be.

   Consequently, when Pius XII defined the Assumption, he did more 
than propose the doctrine for acceptance by the faithful or give them a 
new motive for devotion to the Blessed Mother.  He indicated the 
Church's right to authorize a legitimate development in doctrine and 
piety that scandalizes Protestants and may even surprise believing 
Catholics.
The Catholic Catechism / Doubleday - pages 160-161

   The Passion of our Lord found its echo in the compassion of his 
Holy Mother.  In truth the sorrows of Mary, the sorrows of her trans-
pierced heart, were necessary not only that many many thoughts should 
be revealed of sorrowing men and women, but also for her own perfect 
sanctification.  Her soul had to be made perfect in the furnace of 
trial and tribulation.  As in all thins else so pre-eminently in this 
must she resemble our Lord, that he was the Man of Sorrows and 
acquainted with grief.  Of all the redeemed his Mother must be nearest 
to his Cross, not only on Calvary, but also in every hour of her 
earthly pilgrimage.

   But that pilgrimage, both for Jesus and for Mary, at length was 
over.  And now that our Lord is glorified in his Kingdom, every tear 
that his Mother shed on earth shall be wiped away by his pierced hand, 
and changed into a jewel in the crown upon her peerless brow.  Mary 
must die, for this is the lot of mortals.  "It is appointed unto man to 
die, and after death the judgment."; and as Jesus died, so will his 
Mother die, for in all things, so far as may be, shall her lot be like 
to his; moreover, since all her children must pass one day through the 
gate of death, so bitter to human nature, so their Mother swill go 
before them, treading the same path.  but in her passing hence there 
will be for her no bitterness, death will lead her straight to God.  
she had waited, obedient to the will of God who would have her remain 
a while on earth, the Apostles' Queen.  But now the chains which held 
her captive at length were broken and her sinless soul winged its 
flight to be with her Son for ever.  And Mary's judgment:  "Well done, 
good and faithful servant."  Were these words for which all Christ's 
servants wait expectant ever spoken as when they were addressed to 
her, who alone was crowned in heaven as the Mother of her Lord?

   The bodies of the holy Apostles, of the Martyrs who shed their 
blood for Christ, of men and women famed for their sanctity, were to be 
carefully preserved and venerated in the Church from the first 
beginnings of Christianity.  Of the Mother of God no relics should 
remain upon upon the earth.  Mary was taken up, body and soul, to the 
unveiled presence of her Son.  she was the mystic Ark of the covenant 
which God had sanctified.  The body of the virgin Most Holy from which 
the Holy Spirit had formed the body of Christ should not be permitted 
to see corruption.  Behold the Queen in her beauty by the side of her 
Son, as already the Psalmist saw her in prophetic vision, in a vesture 
of gold wrought about with divers colors.  She is the eldest daughter 
of the Father, and the beloved Mother of the Son, and the chosen Spouse 
of the Everlasting Spirit.

   We, too, have to die and to meet Christ in judgment.  We trust to 
be greeted with forgiveness and love as we enter into his Kingdom.  He 
will not reject us, whose arms were extended wide for us upon the Cross 
of pain.  "Who is he that shall condemn?  Christ Jesus who died for 
us?" (Rom.8:34)

   But if, notwithstanding all, our hearts fail within us at the 
thought of our sins and miseries, we will entreat our dear Mother who 
is also the Mother of our Judge, to be to us Felix caeli porta, the 
gate of a happy eternity, that when all is passing and death is near, she 
may turn her eyes of mercy towards us, and show unto us at length the 
ever-blessed Fruit of her womb, Jesus, teaching us to trust Him absolutely 
and to the full.  So may it be for us all we beseech thee, O loving, O 
kind, O sweet Virgin Mary.

   The Teaching of the Catholic Church / Macmillan  pages 547, 548

   		SCRIPTURAL REFERENCES TO REFUTE THE DOCTRINE 
		    OF THE ASSUMPTION OF MARY INTO HEAVEN:

   II Kings 2:9-12

   When they had crossed over, Elijah said to Elisha, "Ask for whatever I 
may do for you, before I am taken from you."  Elisha answered, "May I 
receive a double portion of your spirit."  "You have asked that is not 
easy,"  he replied.  "Still, if your see me taken up from you, your wish 
will be granted; otherwise not."  As they walked on conversing, a flaming 
chariot and and flaming horses some between them, and Elijah went up to 
heaven in a whirlwind.  When Elisha saw it happen he cried out, "My father! 
my father!  Israel's chariots and drivers!"  But when he could no longer 
see him, Elisha gripped his own garment and tore it in two.

   Genesis 5:22-24

   Enoch lived three hundred years after the birth of Methuselah, and he 
had other sons and daughters.  The whole lifetime of Enoch was three 
hundred and sixty-five years.  Then Enoch walked with God, and he was no 
longer here, for God took him.

   1 Corinthians 15:51-52

   Not all of us shall fall asleep, but all of us are to be changed - in 
an instant, in the twinkling of an eye, at the sound of the last trumpet.  
The trumpet will sound and the dead will be raised incorruptible, and we 
shall be changed.

   COMMENTS:

   One might wonder what 2 Kings 2:9-11 and Genesis 5:22-24 have to do with 
the doctrine of the Assumption of Mary.  Actually, they are an indication that 
the teachings around which this doctrine revolves are faulty.  Notice that the 
Roman Catholic Church approves the teaching that Mary must die and, although 
she is far above every creature, even death cannot be spared her.

   Yet, both Enoch and Elijah were taken to heaven without seeing death.  If 
God favored Mary above all others why would he not have spared her having to 
see death?  But even more significant than this is the fact that death is the 
penalty for sin.  Without sin there would be no death.  The fact that Mary 
died at all, whether her body saw corruption or not, can only attest to the 
fact that she had to have been born in sin just as all humans are.  Enoch and 
Elijah are proof that God can spare death to His children if He so sees fit in 
spite of the fact that it is the consequence of sin.  Elijah's and Enoch's 
lives were so exemplary that God saw fit to take them without their seeing 
death.  If Mary's life was so much more exemplary than theirs, which the Roman 
Catholic Church teaches, then she would not have had to see death either.

   Jesus was the exception on the other side.  He was the only person who 
didn't deserve to die.  Yet, God made Him sin for our sins and hung Him on a 
cross to pay the penalty for those sins.  He could not die a natural death 
because His flesh was sinless.  He had to be put to death in order to taste of 
it for our sakes.  What a sacrifice!  That God would become man for worms like 
us and allow Himself to suffer the humiliation and torture of death as a 
criminal.  How can we escape if we neglect so great a salvation that He has 
provided for us?

   We cannot forget 1 Corinthians 15:52.  Here we are told that even all the 
members of Christ's Body who are alive on the day that He returns will be 
changed into their incorruptible bodies without seeing death.  So God, again, 
is indicating to us that the sting of death is still at His option for 
individuals although there are only two recorded instances where He actually 
has, in the past, nullified the death penalty for those He considered 
especially anointed.

   Probably more significant than the doctrine of the Assumption itself, is 
the impact that the Roman Catholic Church feels it has had upon her authority 
to teach from whatever motive she deems suitable.  In her own words, 
"Tradition is coming to be identified more with the Church's magisterium or 
teaching office and less exclusively as the source along with Scripture, of 
the truths of salvation."  This can only mean that the Roman Catholic Church 
regards it teaching office as more reliable than the Scriptures.  The reason 
they can feel justified in this position is that they consider themselves the 
only true deposit of faith and, consequently, whatever they say has to be the 
truth.  This is held to regardless of the obscurity of the tradition as their 
own words reveal.

   For those who don't know what it means when the Church says that a 
particular day is a holy day of obligation, it simply is a law that obliges 
all true believers to attend a Mass and observe that day in a special manner 
in honor of the occasion for which it is named.  In other words, not only are 
members obligated to acknowledge the proposed truth of the dogma but they are 
bound under the penalty of mortal sin to observe it in a special way.  Should 
one not do so and die without confessing this sin he will be judged condemned 
to Hell for eternity regardless of the merits of Christ's death on the Cross 
for his sins.  In effect, then, this dogma, because of its carrying the 
penalty of mortal sin according to faith, nullifies the essential doctrine of 
faith in the atoning work of Christ on the Cross.  It says that, in order to 
maintain fellowship with God you must honor the mother of Jesus with special 
days of devotion.  Should you not do so you can lose your salvation.

   This fact cannot be denied.  It is a condition which men have attached to 
the saving work of the Saviour in dying for our sins.

   Yet Paul tells us in Romans that we are justified by faith without the 
deeds of the law.  In this case, which takes precedent - the Word of God or 
the laws of men?

   As in all other cases, you must be the final arbiter of that question for 
your own life.  I would encourage you to take the Lord's words at their face 
value.  "If the Son frees you, you will really be free."

   (John 8:36)

   BIBLIOGRAPHY

   1. The New American Bible, St. Joseph's Edition (New York: Catholic book 
Publishing Co., 1970).
2. Vatican II: The Conciliar and Post Conciliar Documents, Austin Flannery, 
O.P., ed. Northport, NY: Costello Publishing Co. 1975).
3. The Catholic Encylopedia, Robert Broderick, ed. (New York: Thomas 
Nelson, Inc., 1976).
4. John A. Hardon, S.J., The Catholic Catechism (New York: Doubleday and 
Co., Inc., 1975).
5. 1979 Catholic Almanac, Felician A. Foy, O.F.M., ed. (Huntington, IN: Our 
Sunday Visitor, Inc., 1978).
6. The Teaching of the Catholic Church - Vol. 1, George D. Smith, 
D.D\Ph.D., ed. (NY: The Macmillan Co., 1960).

../