QUESTION: Isn't "Easter" in Acts 12:4 a mistranslation of the
word pascha and shouldn't it be translated as "passover"?
ANSWER: No, pascha is properly translated "Easter" in Acts
12:4 as the following explanation will show.
EXPLANATION: The Greek word which is translated "Easter" in
Acts 12:4 is the word pascha. This word appears twenty-nine times in
the New Testament. Twenty-eight of those times the word is rendered
"passover" in reference to the night when the Lord passed over Egypt
and killed all the firstborn of Egypt (Exodus 12:12), thus setting
Israel free from four hundred years of bondage.
The many opponents to the concept of having a perfect Bible
have made much of this translation of pascha.
Coming to the word "Easter" in God's Authorized Bible, they
seize upon it imagining that they have found proof that the Bible is
not perfect. Fortunately for lovers of the word of God, they are
wrong. Easter, as we know it, comes from the ancient pagan festival of
Astarte. Also known as Ishtar (pronounced "Easter"). This festival has
always been held late in the month of April. It was, in its original
form, a celebration of the earth "regenerating" itself after the
winter season. The festival involved a celebration of reproduction.
For this reason the common symbols of Easter festivities were the
rabbit (the same symbol as "Playboy" magazine), and the egg. Both are
known for the reproductive abilities. At the center of attention was
Astarte, the female deity. She is known in the Bible as the "queen of
heaven" (Jeremiah 7:18; 44:17-25). He is the mother of Tammuz (Ezekiel
8:14) who was also her husband! These perverted rituals would take
place at sunrise on Easter morning (Ezekiel 8:13-16). From the
references in Jeremiah and Ezekiel, we can see that the true Easter
has never had any association with Jesus Christ. Problem: Even
though the Jewish passover was held in mid April (the fourteenth) and
the pagan festival Easter was held later the same month, how do we
know that Herod was referring to Easter in Acts 12:4 and not the
Jewish passover? If he was referring to the passover, the translation
of pascha as "Easter" is incorrect. If he was indeed referring to the
pagan holyday (holiday) Easter, then the King James Bible (1611) must
truly be the very word and words of God for it is the only Bible in
print today which has the correct reading.
To unravel the confusion concerning "Easter" in verse 4, we
must consult our FINAL authority, THE BIBLE. The key which unlocks the
puzzle is found not in verse 4, but in verse 3. (Then were the days of
unleavened bread...") To secure the answer that we seek, we must find
the relationship of the passover to the days of unleavened bread. We
must keep in mind that Peter was arrested during the "days of
unleavened bread" (Acts 12:3).
Our investigation will need to start at the first passover.
This was the night in which the LORD smote all the firstborn in Egypt.
The Israelites were instructed to kill a lamb and strike its blood on
the two side posts and the upper door post (Exodus 12:4,5). Let us now
see what the Bible says concerning the first passover, and the days of
unleavened bread.
Exodus 12:13-18: "And the blood shall be to you for a token
upon the houses where ye are: and when I see the blood, I will pass
over you, and the plague shall not be upon you to destroy you, when I
smite the land of Egypt.
14 And this day shall be unto you for a memorial; and ye shall
keep it a feast to the LORD throughout your generations; ye shall keep
it a feast by an ordinance for ever.
15 Seven days shall ye eat unleavened bread; even the first
day ye shall put away leaven out of your houses; for whosoever eateth
leavened bread from the first day until the seventh day, that soul
shall be cut off from Israel.
16 And in the first day there shall be an holy convocation to
you; no manner of work shall be done in them, save that which every
man must eat, that only may be done of you.
17 And ye shall observe the feast of unleavened bread; for in
this selfsame day have I brought your armies out of the land of Egypt:
therefore shall ye observe this day in your generations by an
ordinance for ever.
18 In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month at
even, ye shall eat unleavened bread, until the one and twentieth day
of the month at even."
Here in Exodus 12:13 we see how the passover got its name. The
LORD said that He would "pass over" all of the houses which had the
blood of the lamb marking the door.
After the passover (Exodus 12:13,14), we find that seven days
shall be fulfilled in which the Jews were to eat unleavened bread.
These are the days of unleavened bread!
In verse 18 we see that dates for the observance were April
14th through the 21st.
This religious observance is stated more clearly in Numbers
28:16-18: "And in the fourteenth day of the first month is the
passover of the LORD.
17 And in the fifteenth day of this month is the feast: seven
days shall unleavened bread be eaten.
18 In the first day shall be an holy convocation; ye shall do
no manner of servile work therein."
In verse 16 we see that the passover is only considered to be
the 14th of the month. On the next morning, the 15th begins the "days
of unleavened bread."
Deuteronomy 16:1-8: "Observe the month of Abib (April), and
keep the passover unto the LORD thy God: for in the month of Abib the
LORD thy God brought thee forth out of Egypt by might.
2 Thou shalt therefore sacrifice the passover unto the LORD
thy God, of the flock and the herd, in the place which the LORD shall
choose to place his name there.
3 Thou shalt eat no leavened bread with it; seven days shalt
thou eat unleavened bread therewith, even the bread of affliction: for
thou camest forth out of the land of Egypt in haste: that thou mayest
remember the day when thou camest forth out of the land of Egypt all
the days of thy life.
4 And there shall be no leavened bread seen with thee in all
thy coast seven days; neither shall there any thing of the flesh,
which thou sacrificedst the first day at even, remain all night until
the morning.
5 Thou mayest not sacrifice the passover within any of thy
gates, which the LORD thy God giveth thee:
6 But at the place which the LORD thy God shall choose to
place his name in, there thou shalt sacrifice the passover at even, at
the going down of the sun, at the season that thou camest forth out of
Egypt.
7 And thou shalt roast and eat it in the place which the LORD
thy God shall choose: and thou shalt turn in the morning, and go unto
thy tents.
8 Six days thou shalt eat unleavened bread: and on the §eventh
day shall be a solemn assembly to the LORD thy God: thou shalt do no
work therein."
Here in Deuteronomy we see again that the passover is
sacrificed on the first night (Deuteronomy 16:1). It is worth noting
that the passover was to be celebrated in the evening (vs. 6) not at
sunrise (Ezekiel 8:13-16).
In II Chronicles 8:13 we see that the feast of unleavened
bread was one of the three Jewish feasts to be kept during the year.
II Chronicles 8:13: "Even after a certain rate every day,
offering according to the commandment of Moses, on the sabbaths, and
on the new moons, and on the solemn feasts, three times in the year,
even in the feast of unleavened bread, and in the feast of weeks, and
in the feast of tabernacles."
Whenever the passover was kept, it always preceded the feast
of unleavened bread. In II Chronicles 30 some Jews who were unable to
keep the passover in the first month were allowed to keep it in the
second. But the dates remained the same.
II Chronicles 30:15,21: "Then they killed the passover on the
fourteenth day of the second month: and the priests and the Levites
were ashamed, and sanctified themselves, and brought in the burnt
offerings into the house of the LORD. And the children of Israel that
were present at Jerusalem kept the feast of unleavened bread seven
days with great gladness: and the Levites and the priests praised the
LORD day by day, singing with loud instruments unto the LORD."
Ezra 6:19,22: "And the children of the captivity kept the
passover upon the fourteenth day of the first month. And kept the
feast of unleavened bread seven days with joy: for the LORD had made
them joyful, and turned the heart of the king of Assyria unto them, to
strengthen their hands in the work of the house of God, the God of
Israel."
We see then, from studying what the BIBLE has to say
concerning the subject that the order of events went as follows:
(1) On the 14th of April the lamb was killed. This is the
passover. No event following the 14th is ever referred to as the
passover.
(2) On the morning of the 15th begins the days of unleavened
bread, also known as the feast of unleavened bread.
It must also be noted that whenever the passover is mentioned
in the New Testament, the reference is always to the meal, to be eaten
on the night of April 14th not the entire week. The days of unleavened
bread are NEVER referred to as the passover. (It must be remembered
that the angel of the Lord passed over Egypt one night, not seven
nights in a row.)
Now let us look at Acts 12:3,4: "And because he saw it pleased
the Jews, he proceeded further to take Peter also. (Then were the days
of unleavened bread.) And when he had apprehended him, he put him in
prison, and delivered him to four quaternions of soldiers to keep him;
intending after Easter to bring him forth to the people."
Verse 3 shows that Peter was arrested during the days of
unleavened bread (April 15-21). The Bible says: "Then were the days of
unleavened bread." The passover (April 14th) had already come and
gone. Herod could not possibly have been referring to the passover in
his statement concerning Easter. The next passover was a year away!
But the pagan holiday of Easter was just a few days away. Remember!
Herod was a pagan Roman who worshipped the "queen of heaven." He was
NOT a Jew. He had no reason to keep the Jewish passover. Some might
argue that he wanted to wait until after the passover for fear of
upsetting the Jews. There are two grievous faults in this line of
thinking.
First, Peter was no longer considered a Jew. He had repudiated
Judaism. The Jews would have no reason to be upset by Herod's actions.
(to be continued)
Second, he could not have been waiting until after the
passover because he thought the Jews would not kill a man during a
religious holiday. They had killed Jesus during passover (Matthew
26:17-19,47). They were also excited about Herod's murder of James.
Anyone knows that a mob possesses the courage to do violent acts
during religious festivities, not after.
In further considering Herod's position as a Roman, we must
remember that the Herods were well known for celebrating (Matthew
14:6-11). In fact, in Matthew chapter 14 we see that a Herod was even
willing to kill a man of God during one of his celebrations.
It is elementary to see that Herod, in Acts 12, had arrested
Peter during the days of unleavened bread, after the passover. The
days of unleavened bread would end on the 21st of April. Shortly after
that would come Herod's celebration of pagan Easter. Herod had not
killed Peter during the days of unleavened bread simply because he
wanted to wait until Easter. Since it is plain that both the Jews
(Matthew 26:17-47) and the Romans (Matthew 14:6-11) would kill during
a religious celebration, Herod's opinion seemed that he was not going
to let the Jews "have all the fun." He would wait until his own pagan
festival and see to it that Peter died in the excitement.
Thus we see that it was God's providence which had the Spirit-
filled translators of our Bible (King James) to CORRECTLY translate
pascha as "Easter." It most certainly did not refer to the Jewish
passover. In fact, to change it to "passover" would confuse the reader
and make the truth of the situation unclear.
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